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Spinal diseases are commonly associated with pain and neurological symptoms, which negatively impact patients’ quality of life. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous source of multiple growth factors and cytokines, with the potential to promote tissue regeneration. Recently, PRP has been widely used for the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases, including spinal diseases, in clinics. Given the increasing popularity of PRP therapy, this article examines the current literature for basic research and emerging clinical applications of this therapy for treating spinal diseases. First, we review in vitro and in vivo studies, evaluating the potential of PRP in repairing intervertebral disc degeneration, promoting bone union in spinal fusion surgeries, and aiding in neurological recovery from spinal cord injury. Second, we address the clinical applications of PRP in treating degenerative spinal disease, including its analgesic effect on low back pain and radicular pain, as well as accelerating bone union during spinal fusion surgery. Basic research demonstrates the promising regenerative potential of PRP, and clinical studies have reported on the safety and efficacy of PRP therapy for treating several spinal diseases. Nevertheless, further high-quality randomized controlled trials would be required to establish clinical evidence of PRP therapy.
Background: Several animal studies have shown that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is effective in enhancing bone fusion. However, the role and efficacy of PRP in spinal fusion surgery remain uncertain. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of PRP in bone fusion and to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with and without PRP. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done on 50 patients who underwent TLIF surgery for various spinal pathologies. Patients were divided into the control group (underwent TLIF with interbody cage and local bone grafts alone) and the study group (underwent TLIF with interbody cage, local bone grafts, and PRP). Functional outcome was evaluated using visual analog score (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI). Radiological outcome was assessed by Bridwell’s grading system for fusion on computed tomography scan at the end of 2 years. Results: The average bone fusion rate was significantly higher in the PRP group compared to the control group; however, the average duration of fusion was not statistically significant. There was no difference in VAS and ODI at 1 and 2 years. There was also no significant difference in lower back pain, leg pain, and numbness in both groups at the end of 1 year. Conclusion: Although there is no statistically significant difference in functional outcome between both groups, local application of PRP along with autologous bone grafts increases bone fusion rates with good clinical and radiological outcomes.
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