Available nutrients in soil are influenced by planting techniques and weed management options in wheat

Abstract

There are continue disturbance of soil under conventional wheat system as repetitive tillage practices for crop establishment results negative impact like; more weed emergence, depletion of soil nutrients and economical losses; laborious and hazardous to environment by affecting sustainability of system and creating pollution. Zero tillage practices are avoiding soil disturbance for seedbed preparation; enhance the sustainability by conserving the resources. Residue retention or application as mulching act as soil condition modifier, reducing the weed population by soil covering and after decomposition release of organic acid in soil help increase the availability of nutrient. Such practices are kept in field experiment to evaluate the zero tillage wheat with variable rate of residue application as mulch in zero tillage and weed management practices. Result revealed that zero-till wheat with 6 ton ha -1 rice residue as mulch application having higher available N, P, K, OC, SMBC with slightly lower pH and EC; while weed management practices shown Sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron @ 25+2 g a.i. ha -1 higher availability of N, P, K, OC, SMBC with slightly lower pH and EC in experimental trial.

Broad leaf weed management in wheat by pre-emergence and pre-mix post-emergence combinations of herbicides under different irrigation schedule

“…Under such condition, it is very essential to control weeds up to 45 DAS (Singh et al, 2009) [6] . Weed competition for longer period results into reduction of crop growth and yield attributes over weed free environment (Yadav et al, 2020) [19] . Herbicides offer most ideal, practical, effective and economical means of reducing early weed competition and crop production losses.…”

“…Melilotus spp., Solanum nigrum, Fumaria parviflora and Euphorbia spp. are the notorious weeds adversely affecting wheat crop , Verma et al, 2008, Verma, 2014and Yadav et al, 2020 [11,13,16,18,19] . Severe problem of Solanum nigrum and Physalis minima were also reported from various wheat growing parts of the country.…”

Study on the Action of Herbicide Combinations with Varying Irrigation Regimes for Control of Grassy Weeds in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…The total and absolute density of grassy weedswas increased up to 60 DAS and thereafter a decreasing trend was noticed, irrespective of irrigation and the herbicides application ( at 35 DAS significantly superior over weedy check but found to be least effective against these grassy weeds as compared to mix application of the herbicide treatments. Excellent control of complex weed flora in wheat was achieved with the combined (tank mix or ready mix) application of herbicides as compare to their alone application [3,17]. However, hand weedingsat 20 and 40 DAS (weed free) was found more effective than the herbicidal treatments, due to slowpace of growth of first flush of weeds at 20 days after sowing thereafter the emergence of new flushes of weeds could not attain full growth under the shade of crop plants [2,9].…”

“…It was observed that the combined application of post-emergence herbicide treatments had significant advantage over alone post-emergence herbicide and sequential herbicide treatments in controlling grassy weeds. The lowest fresh and dry weight of grassy weeds was observed with broadway (carfentrazone-ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25% WG) 100 gha - [4,15,17]. None of the herbicidal treatments as effective as hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS [11,12].…”

“…Whenweeds are left uncontrolled yield losses in wheat range from 10%to 50% depending on the weed density and duration ofinterference [16]. Application of herbicides to control weedshas been very effective and efficient in terms of production costsand benefits [17]. Few herbicides such as sulfosulfuron, metsulfuron, fenoxaprop, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, pinoxadim and clodinafop have shown their high efficacy against weeds in wheat.…”