Availability of Triazine Herbicides in Aged Soils Amended with Olive Oil Mill Waste

Abstract

Amendments are frequently added to agricultural soils to increase organic matter content. In this study, we examined the influence of alperujo, an olive oil mill waste, on the availability of two triazine herbicides, terbuthylazine and atrazine, in two different sandy soils, one from Sevilla, Spain, and the other from Minnesota. The effect of aging on herbicide sorption and bioavailability was also studied. Soils were amended with alperujo at a rate of 3-5% (w:w) in laboratory studies. Apparent sorption coefficients for the triazine herbicides were calculated as the ratio of the concentrations of each herbicide sequentially extracted with water, followed by aqueous methanol, at each sampling time. These data showed greater sorption of terbuthylazine and atrazine in amended soils as compared to nonamended soils, and an increase in the amount of herbicide sorbed with increasing aging time in nonamended soils. The triazine-mineralizing bacterium Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP was used to characterize triazine bioavailability. Less mineralization of the herbicides by Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP was observed in soils amended with alperujo, as compared to the unamended soils, and, despite the increase in sorption with aging in unamended soils, herbicide mineralization also increased in this case. This has been attributed to Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP first using alperujo as a more readily available source of N as compared to the parent triazines. In summary, addition of alperujo to the soils studied was shown to increase triazine herbicides sorption and hence to reduce its availability and potential to leach.

Sorption of the herbicide terbuthylazine in two New Zealand forest soils amended with biosolids and biochars

“…For example, application of biosolids in low fertility forest soils has been considered as a preferred option in New Zealand due to the perceived low risk of contaminants entering the human food chain (Magesan and Wang 2003;Su et al 2007). The addition of organic amendments in soil may result in an increase in pesticide adsorption (Celis et al 1998;Dolaptsoglou et al 2007;González et al 2008), thus decreasing the leaching likelihood of pesticides (Barriuso et al 1997;Cabrera et al 2008).…”

Simultaneous Determination of Selected Insecticides and Atrazine in Soil by Mae–GC–ECD

“…27 -40 2013 Table 1 The detailed literature overview reveals that the most popular procedure for atrazine extraction from soil samples is liquid-solid extraction (LSE), carried out with shaking, sonication or in the presence of microwaves. Usually methanol, mixture of methanol-water (different proportions) [2,8,16,17,28,33,37,46,47,49,53] acetonitrile, acetonitrile -water, or acetonitrile-hexane (different proportion) [1,14,22] or chloroform [4] are used. In some cases solid phase extraction (SPE) on octadecyl (C18), phenylsulfonyl acid (PhSO 3 H) or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) sorbents was carried out [2,4,33,37,44,47].…”

Sorption interactions of organic compounds with soils affected by agricultural olive mill wastewater

“…Much more work has been done earlier regarding the effect of other OM-rich olive mill-originating amendments (such as the solid or semi-solid byproducts formed during two-phase extraction and their composted derivatives) on soil interactions with organic compounds, mostly pesticides (Morillo et al, 2002;Albarran et al, 2004;Delgado-Moreno et al, 2007;Cabrera et al, 2008). However, the OMW differs from other olive mill byproducts in a number of ways, including OM content, C:N ratio, elemental composition and the concentrations of various components (e.g., phenols, carbohydrates, oil, lipids and oil residues) (Lopez et al, 2001;Azbar et al, 2004;Prosodol Project, 2012).…”

“…Simazine and diuron were used as suitable organic model sorbates. Both compounds represent two families of herbicides (i.e., triazines and phenylureas, respectively) used in many countries in the world and have been widely examined in numerous soil sorption studies (Sheng et al, 2001;Albarran et al, 2004;Cabrera et al, 2008;Smernik and Kookana, 2015).…”