Availability of Nickel in Soil Evaluated by Various Chemical Extractants and Plant Accumulation

Abstract

This work presents quantitative changes of nickel in soil and plants under the influence of compost and fly ash. The research was carried out in a 3-year experiment on medium soil fertilised with compost or fly ash. The plants: narrow leaf lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.), camelina (Camelina sativa L.), and oat (Avena sativa L.) were planted in consecutive years. The soil from the experiment was subjected to extraction by sequential analysis with the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) method, and single extractions using 1 mol·dm−3 HCl and DTPA solutions, obtaining the amount of nickel in various combinations with the soil solid phase. Total contents of the metal in soil and cultivated plants were determined. On the basis of Ni contents in the soil and cultivated plants, the bioconcentration factors and the risk assessment code were calculated. The type of amendments had a significant impact on the nickel content in lupine, for camelina and oat was the greatest in the control conditions. The differences between the amounts of Ni determined for bioconcentration factors were significant and depended on the amendments and nickel obtained by different methods. Regardless of the experimental conditions, the amount of Ni in the exchangeable bonds (Fr. I) had the greatest impact on the content of Ni in lupine and oat, whereas NiDTPA in the case of camelina.

The Effect of Compost and Fly Ash Treatment of Contaminated Soil on the Immobilisation and Bioavailability of Lead

“…The design of a pot experiment was described in detail in an earlier study [10]. Here, general information is provided to clarify the context of the research.…”

“…As was mentioned above, detailed information on the analytical procedures can be found in an earlier study [10]. Soil samples were collected each time after the harvest of individual plants.…”

“…The mobility of hazardous metals such as Pb strongly depends on their chemical form rather than total concentration. The redistribution and bioavailability of potentially toxic elements in soils can be estimated with several analytical tests, including single and sequential extraction procedures [10]. In general, selective sequential extraction methods have been used extensively to separate metals in various chemical pools, including soluble, adsorbed, organic and residual forms [9].…”

The Effect of Immobilizing Agents on Zn and Cu Availability for Plants in Relation to Their Potential Health Risks

“…In practice, organic and inorganic substances are usually used as immobilization agents. The most popular organic immobilizing agent are composts, manure, and biochar [7,9,11,[13][14][15]. In turn, mineral substances proposed for remediation purposes include natural zeolites, lime, phosphorus [15,30], and fly ash [13,14,31].…”

“…Regardless of the used materials, the final effect is similar-reduction in heavy metal mobility and bioavailability for plants. The potential application of organic or alkali substances for remediation processes of soils contaminated with heavy metals has been underlined by various authors [7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Binding of metals by organic matter or formation of insoluble compounds under alkali conditions leads to restricted metal uptake by plants and consequently prevents the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the food chain.…”