Availability and use of feed resources in crop–animal systems in Asia

Devendra, C.; Sevilla, Cesar C.

doi:10.1016/s0308-521x(01)00036-1

Cited by 90 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This gets support from the earlier findings 52 where an increase in NH3-N concentration was documented in rumen of cattle fed with diet having high proportion of concentrate with supplementation of eugenol and also it was also noticed that deaminase activity was not inhibited.…”

Section: Ammonia Nitrogen Concentration (Nh3-n)supporting

confidence: 90%

An in vitro trial to study the effect of inclusion of different levels of coconut oil on sheep rumen methanogenesis and fermentation processes

Mukharji¹,

Srivastava²,

Srivastava³

2014

PBJ

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An in vitro trial was conducted in fermentation vessels under anaerobic conditions using composite feed-1 and composite feed-2 with inclusion of different levels of Coconut Oil (CO) along with buffered rumen liquor of sheep to observe the effects of oil on rumen methanogenesis and fermentation. The Composite Feed-1(CF-1) consisted of 40% of concentrate and Composite Feed-2 (CF-2) had 25 % of concentrate. The different levels of CO used were 0.5,1 and 2 µl/ml. Among the gas production and methane concentration parameters the inclusion of CO showed a significant decrease of 38.67%. A non significant effect on gas production was noted with the inclusion of CO in CF-2. Further, a decrease in total gas production and methane concentration was observed which was highly pronounced in CF-1 as compared to CF-2. The rumen digestibility by inclusion of CO in CF-1 and CF-2 decreased significantly (P < 0.01) from control.The inclusion of CO in CF-2 did not affect Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3 -N) concentration, while in CF-1 the CO inclusion increased the NH3 -N concentration. The inclusion of CO decreased the Total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration significantly (P < 0.01). In both the diets namely CF-1 and CF-2 the A:P ratio was unaffected by CO inclusion. The inclusion of CO in CF-1 had a non significant effect in pH. However, the inclusion of CO in CF-1 and CF-2 decreased the protozoa number significantly (P < 0.01). Inclusion of oil tended to decrease Gas production (GP), Metabolizable energy (ME), Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA), True Degradability of Dry Matter (TDDM) and Microbial Biomass Production (MBP). The effect was more pronounced when CO level was 1.0µl/ml or higher. From the above gas production and fermentation parameters noticed in two diets CF-1 and CF-2 with inclusion of different levels of CO, it can be envisaged that increasing the proportion of concentrate in diets and using CO as a feed additive increases the rumen efficiency by reducing the methane concentration and gas production.

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Section: Ammonia Nitrogen Concentration (Nh3-n)supporting

confidence: 90%

An in vitro trial to study the effect of inclusion of different levels of coconut oil on sheep rumen methanogenesis and fermentation processes

Mukharji¹,

Srivastava²,

Srivastava³

2014

PBJ

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“…This result was similar to those observed earlier 47,53 whereby it was reported that garlic oil reduced NH 3 -N, 57 and it has also been noticed that deaminase activity is not inhibited.…”

Section: Ammonia Nitrogen Concentration (Nh 3 -N)supporting

confidence: 92%

Inclusion of Different Levels of Eucalyptus Oil: An In Vitro Trial to Study the Effect on Sheep Rumen Methanogenesis and Fermentation Processes

Mukharji¹,

Srivastava²

2015

PBJ

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An in vitro trial was conducted in fermentation vessels under anaerobic conditions using composite feed-1 and composite feed-2 with inclusion of different levels of Eucalyptus oil (EO) along with buffered rumen liquor of sheep to observe the effects of oil on rumen methanogenesis and fermentation. The CF-1 consisted of 40% of concentrate and CF-2 had 25 % of concentrate.The various concentrations of EO used in present study were 0.5,1 and 2 µl/ml. During the present investigation it was observed that on increasing concentration of EO in CF-1 and CF-2 resulted in linear decrease in total gas production up to 74.26% in CF-1; and 31.01% by inclusion of EO in CF-2, respectively. The findings suggest that decrease in total gas production and methane concentration was highly pronounced in CF-1 compared to CF-2. The rumen digestibility in CF-1 and CF-2 also decreased significantly (p < 0.01) from control. A significant decrease in NH 3 -N compared to control was also documented. As EO in both the feeds was found to inhibit deamination activity, the ammonia production decreased with increase in the efficiency of protein utilization. The inclusion of the oil decreased the Total Volatile Fatty Acids (TVFA) concentration significantly (p < 0.01). The A:P ratio increased by inclusion in CF-2 but not in CF-1. The pH was effected on inclusion of EO in CF-2 whereas inclusion of EO in CF-1 exhibited non significant effect. Therefore, the difference in Volatile Fatty acids (VFA) pattern due to essential oil might be because of different diets and pH in different experiments. The inclusion of EO decreased the protozoa number significantly (p < 0.01). EO was found to decrease fermentation in a manner that even at 0.5 µl/ml concentration there was a significant decrease in GP, ME, SCFA, TDDM and MBP. It could therefore be envisaged that increasing the proportion of concentrate in diets and using EO as a feed additive increases the rumen efficiency by reducing the methane concentration and gas production.

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“…: the ten groups of feed resources that are currently, or potentially can be, utilized by poor livestock-keeping households in smallholder systems (Renard, 1997;Devendra and Sevilla, 2002 As agro-ecological potential increases and where crop-livestock systems are intensifying (Chapter 2), the balance of available feed resources will generally shift from the grazing of natural pastures (group 1) to crop residues and by-products (groups 4 and 5) and/or planted pastures and forages (groups 2 and 3), the shifts influenced by human population pressure and market opportunities. Cereal straws and stovers (from the staple food crop/s) are quantitatively by far the most important crop residues, while the much smaller quantities of by-products are important because they are less fibrous, have relatively more digestible nutrients, and are often high in protein (Devendra and Sevilla, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cereal straws and stovers (from the staple food crop/s) are quantitatively by far the most important crop residues, while the much smaller quantities of by-products are important because they are less fibrous, have relatively more digestible nutrients, and are often high in protein (Devendra and Sevilla, 2002). However, for the future, the productivity of straws and stovers will remain low, and their quality is generally not adequate for the foreseen intensification.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As Devendra and Sevilla (2002) point out, most cereal straws and stovers have lower nutritive values than the haulm from grain legumes or vines from root crops 30 such as sweet potato. Therefore, when defining priorities for the development and use of feed resources in crop-livestock and related systems, it is important to take into account the differences both amongst and within feed resource groups, especially for crop residues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying Investment Opportunities for Ruminant Livestock Feeding in Developing Countries

Thorpe¹,

Baker²,

Tarawali³

2012

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Availability and use of feed resources in crop–animal systems in Asia

Cited by 90 publications

References 7 publications

An in vitro trial to study the effect of inclusion of different levels of coconut oil on sheep rumen methanogenesis and fermentation processes

An in vitro trial to study the effect of inclusion of different levels of coconut oil on sheep rumen methanogenesis and fermentation processes

Inclusion of Different Levels of Eucalyptus Oil: An In Vitro Trial to Study the Effect on Sheep Rumen Methanogenesis and Fermentation Processes

Identifying Investment Opportunities for Ruminant Livestock Feeding in Developing Countries

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