Auxetic Materials: Functional Materials and Structures from Lateral Thinking!

Evans, K. E.; Alderson, Andrew

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(200005)12:9<617::aid-adma617>3.0.co;2-3

Cited by 1,125 publications

(872 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…where x depends on the indenter shape [31]. For isotropic materials, the thermodynamically allowable upper and lower limits for Poisson's ratio are +0.5 and −1.0, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Auxetic Foam for Snow-Sport Safety Devices

Allen

Duncan

Foster

et al. 2017

Snow Sports Trauma and Safety

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Skiing and snowboarding are popular snow-sports with inherent risk of injury. There is potential to reduce the prevalence of injuries by improving and implementing snow-sport safety devices with the application of advanced materials. This chapter investigates the application of auxetic foam to snow-sport safety devices. Composite pads-consisting of foam covered with a semi-rigid shell-were investigated as a simple model of body armour and a large 70 × 355 × 355 mm auxetic foam sample was fabricated as an example crash barrier. The thermo-mechanical conversion process was applied to convert open-cell polyurethane foam to auxetic foam. The composite pad with auxetic foam absorbed around three times more energy than the conventional equivalent under quasi-static compression with a concentrated load, indicating potential for body armour applications. An adapted thermo-mechanical process-utilising through-thickness rods to control in-plane compression-was applied to fabricate the large sample with relatively consistent properties throughout, indicating further potential for fabrication of a full size auxetic crash barrier. Further work will create full size prototypes of snow-sport safety devices with comparative testing against current products.

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“…where x depends on the indenter shape [31]. For isotropic materials, the thermodynamically allowable upper and lower limits for Poisson's ratio are +0.5 and −1.0, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Auxetic Foam for Snow-Sport Safety Devices

Allen

Duncan

Foster

et al. 2017

Snow Sports Trauma and Safety

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“…In the past 20 years, materials with negative Poisson's ratios (auxetic materials), which expand laterally when stretched longitudinally, have been of significant scientific interest and have considerable practical applications [1][2][3][4][5][6]. It has been known to be theoretically possible since Love [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The manufacture and characterisation of a novel, low modulus, negative Poisson’s ratio composite

Miller¹,

Hook²,

Smith³

et al. 2009

Composites Science and Technology

175

144

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Abstract.Relatively few negative Poisson's ratio (auxetic) composites have been manufactured and characterised and none with inherently auxetic phases. This paper presents the use of a novel double helix yarn that is shown to be auxetic, and an auxetic composite made from this yarn in a woven textile structure. This is the first reported composite to exhibit auxetic behaviour using inherently auxetic yarns. Importantly, both the yarn and the composite are produced using standard manufacturing techniques and are therefore potentially useful in a wide range of engineering applications.

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“…[1] There is significant interest in the development of auxetic materials because of tremendous potential in applications in areas such the design of novel fasteners [2] , prostheses [3] , piezocomposites with optimal performance [4] and foams with superior damping and acoustic properties [5] . The results of many investigations [6][7] suggest that the auxetic behavior involves an interplay between the microstructure of the material and its deformation. Examples of this are provided by the discovery that metals with a cubic lattice [8] , natural layered ceramics [9] , ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramics [10] and zeolites [11] may all exhibit negative Poisson's ratio behavior.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Poisson's Ratio Behavior Induced by an Elastic Instability

et al. 2010

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When materials are compressed along a particular axis they are most commonly observed to expand in directions orthogonal to the applied load. The property that characterizes this behavior is the Poisson's ratio which is defined as the ratio between the negative transverse and longitudinal strains. The majority of materials are characterized by a positive Poisson's ratio which is approximately 0.5 for rubber and 0.3 for glass and steel. Materials with a negative Poisson's ratio will contract (expand) in the transverse direction when compressed (stretched) and, although they can exist in principle, demonstration of practical examples is relatively recent. Discovery and development of materials with negative Poisson's ratio, also called auxetics, was first reported in the seminal work of Lakes in 1987. [1] There is significant interest in the development of auxetic materials because of tremendous potential in applications in areas such the design of novel fasteners [2] , prostheses [3] , piezocomposites with optimal performance [4] and foams with superior damping and acoustic properties [5] . The results of many investigations [6][7] suggest that the auxetic behavior involves an interplay between the microstructure of the material and its deformation. Examples of this are provided by the discovery that metals with a cubic lattice [8] , natural layered ceramics [9] , ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramics [10] and zeolites [11] may all exhibit negative Poisson's ratio behavior. Moreover, several geometries and mechanisms have been proposed to achieve negative values for the Poisson's ratio, including foams with reentrant structures [1] , hierarchical laminates [12] , polymeric and metallic foams [13] , microporous polymers [14] , molecular networks [15] and manybody systems with isotropic pair interactions [16] . Negative Poisson's ratio effects have also been demonstrated at the micron scale using complex materials which were fabricated using soft lithography [17] and at the nanoscale with sheets assemblies of carbon nanotubes [18] .A significant challenge in the fabrication of materials with auxetic properties is that it usually involves embedding structures with intricate geometries within a host matrix. As such, the manufacturing process has

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Auxetic Materials: Functional Materials and Structures from Lateral Thinking!

Cited by 1,125 publications

References 61 publications

Auxetic Foam for Snow-Sport Safety Devices

Auxetic Foam for Snow-Sport Safety Devices

The manufacture and characterisation of a novel, low modulus, negative Poisson’s ratio composite

Negative Poisson's Ratio Behavior Induced by an Elastic Instability

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