Auxetic Materials for Sports Applications

Sanami, Mohammad; Ravirala, N.; Alderson, K. L.; Alderson, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.079

Cited by 278 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Typically, auxetic structures are anisotropic (i.e. different properties in different directions), undergoing different expansion rates depending on the axis stretched, however, this deformation is Stretchable Structures [6], [27], [32], [44], [46], [98], [111], [112], [141], [142], [151], [174], [175], [174], [176], [197], [212], [213], [216], [221], [223], [242], [246] iSkin [247], Stretchis [248], [128] [2], [3], [12], [22], [29], [30], [36], [57], [58], [59], [60], [78], [118], [149], [153], [181], [192], [201], [203], [204], [205], [206], [207], …”

Section: Auxetic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HCI meets Material Science

Qamar

Groh

Holman

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Section: Auxetic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HCI meets Material Science

Qamar

Groh

Holman

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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“…Auxetic conversion methods have developed, including suggestions of multiple heating cycles [38], mold lubrication [39], cooling the foam slowly within the mold [40], and passing pins through the foam to control compression [41,42]. Pins allowed lateral stretching but through thickness compression, producing auxetic foams with comparable density and compressive stress strain relationships to their unconverted counterpart [34,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Auxetic Foam in Sports Helmets

et al. 2018

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This investigation explored the viability of using open cell polyurethane auxetic foams to augment the conformable layer in a sports helmet and improve its linear impact acceleration attenuation. Foam types were compared by examining the impact severity on an instrumented anthropomorphic headform within a helmet consisting of three layers: a rigid shell, a stiff closed cell foam, and an open cell foam as a conformable layer. Auxetic and conventional foams were interchanged to act as the helmet's conformable component. Attenuation of linear acceleration was examined by dropping the combined helmet and headform on the front and the side. The helmet with auxetic foam reduced peak linear accelerations (p < 0.05) relative to its conventional counterpart at the highest impact energy in both orientations. Gadd Severity Index reduced by 11% for frontal impacts (38.9 J) and 44% for side impacts (24.3 J). The conformable layer within a helmet can influence the overall impact attenuating properties. The helmet fitted with auxetic foam can attenuate impact severity more than when fitted with conventional foam, and warrants further investigation for its potential to reduce the risk of traumatic brain injuries in sport specific impacts.

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“…The performance of these safety devices is typically assessed by simulating an impact and measuring their ability to reduce peak acceleration and/or force. Auxetic foams are innovative materials -with a negative Poisson's ratio -that offer potential for sport safety devices with better conformability, superior energy absorption and reduced thickness [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work investigating the application of auxetic foams to sports equipment has focused on quasi-static characterisation [2] and low-energy impact performance [3]. The aim of this work is to further investigate the application of auxetic foams to sports safety devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxetic Foams for Sport Safety Applications

Allen

Martinello

Zampieri

et al. 2015

Procedia Engineering

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Auxetic materials offer potential to be applied to sports safety equipment. This work reports quasi-static and impact testing of auxetic open-cell polyurethane foam -fabricated with a compression and heat treatment process -in comparison to its conventional counterpart. The foam was compressed to 70% of its original dimension along each dimension during the conversion process. Quasi-static compression testing confirmed the converted foam to be auxetic, with a Poisson's ratio of -0.08. Impact testing was performed for energies up to 5.6 J with an instrumented drop rig and high-speed video. Peak accelerations were ~3 times lower for the auxetic foams, because they prevented bottoming. This work has shown further potential for auxetic foam to be applied to sports safety devices. Future work should look to optimise foam selection and the conversion process, while comparing auxetic foam with existing materials and products.

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Auxetic Materials for Sports Applications

Cited by 278 publications

References 19 publications

HCI meets Material Science

HCI meets Material Science

Application of Auxetic Foam in Sports Helmets

Auxetic Foams for Sport Safety Applications

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