Aux origines du nationalisme albanais

Clayer, Nathalie

doi:10.3917/kart.claye.2006.01

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…This was one major factor encouraging further violence, 44 but also contributing greatly to the formation of the League of Prizren. 45 The league was created in an opposing reaction to the Treaty of San Stefano and the Congress of Berlin and is generally regarded as the beginning of the Albanian national movement. 46 The displaced persons (Alb.…”

Section: The Impact Of Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence and its Impact on Loyalty and Identity Formation in Late Ottoman Kosovo: Muslims and Christians in a Period of Reform and Transformation1

Frantz¹

2009

Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs

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In this paper, the interdependency of various forms of violence and identity formation processes in late Ottoman Kosovo will be analysed. The paper will demonstrate that within different contexts of violence, identity and loyalty were constructed and increasingly exclusive forms of identities were fostered. These were, though, not national, but showed rather traditional patterns. Violence shaped everyday life regardless of religion, within the framework of customary law, vendetta, notions of honour and manhood, but also within the framework of everyday violence motivated by economic hardships. More important it strengthened feelings of otherness to a very high degree in religious categories. Here it is possible to distinguish several factors. Religious barriers between the different population groups were enforced by an increase in violence as a consequence of the Ottoman reform policy (tanzimat, late-Hamidian reforms). War related violence constituted the most significant impact on identity formation in Kosovo. Here not only wars that directly touched Kosovo (Russian-Ottoman War 1877-1878, First Balkan War 1912 -1913, but also wars outside the region between the Ottoman Empire and Christian states, played an important role.

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Section: The Impact Of Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence and its Impact on Loyalty and Identity Formation in Late Ottoman Kosovo: Muslims and Christians in a Period of Reform and Transformation1

Frantz¹

2009

Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs

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“…The Regarding the provenance and destiny of the Albanian Muslims, renaissance activists mobilized to gather 'scientific' proof that they were 'white Europeans', who hailed from 'an ancient European Pelasgian-Illyrian race' and not the feared 'Asiatic Turks'. 13 In this line of argument, Albanians were further distinguished from Turks by depicting the latter as 'brutal', 'despotic', 'uncivilized', 'barbaric' and 'backward', all features associated with the dark 'Orient'. 14 Europe, instead, was depicted as the Albanians' natural home, which represented the 'true faith' and 'progress' that Albanians had always fought for.…”

Section: Intellectual Projectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Albanian-style laïcité: A Model for a Multi-religious European Home?

Elbasani¹,

Puto

2017

Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies

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As a Muslim-majority and multi-denominational polity, Albania has historically searched for suitable institutional solutions to reconcile Islam with a pluralist society, a unitary nation and often fragile European statehood. The post-Communist solutions for the management of this frail plurality are commonly framed within a local tradition of laïcité (Alb. shtet laik), which adapts the French model of separation between state and religion to particular Albanian goals and compromises. Our analysis explores the continuities and changes that mark the Albanian brand of laïcité, with a focus on specific solutions for managing the Islamic majority. The analysis suggests that home-grown interpretations of laïcité capitalize on historical precedents-or traditional solutions-that proved successful in accommodating Islam, religious plurality and European statehood during the founding of the independent Albanian state. Similarly to the past, post-Communist choices insist in safeguarding a local traditional version of Islam, which provides backing for the country's consensual political goals-national unity and European anchorage.

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“…Probably limited by the narrow contours of the very object of their studies, they may either overestimate or misunderstand the role of Bektashism in the context of Albanian nationalism. Nathalie Clayer, for instance, hastily and uncritically presents the construction of the Albanian nation as emanating exclusively from Bektashism (Clayer, 2002: 103-135), and mainly from its development under the influence of Frashëri and his brothers, even though she later came to slightly modify her position (Clayer, 2007). Similarly, as I have shown elsewhere in more detail (Doja, 2004), it is an exaggeration to argue, as Ger Duijzings (2000: 157-175) does, that Frashëri's attempt was to bridge the Albanian religious divide by proposing to turn Bektashism into an all-encompassing national religion for all Albanians.…”

Section: Intellectual Activism and Speculative Literalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The politics of religious dualism: Naim Frashëri and his elective affinity to religion in the course of 19th-century Albanian activism

Doja

2013

Social Compass

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In standard Albanian studies and Western scholarship, including both the work of religious and political activists and that of less ‘interested’ lay people, historical and textual fact-finding efforts have only confirmed and indeed perpetuated the myth that the thinking of Naim Frashëri was formed and dominated by Bektashism and that his ‘Albanianism’ had a Bektashi foundation. The author intends to scrutinize and disprove this analysis, arguing that while Frashëri’s thinking did indeed have a religious cast, it went far beyond Bektashism in its heterodoxy, being a kind of liberation theology and pantheism, which generated an all-inclusive attitude to Albanian identity, not one limited in any particular way to Bektashism. Methodologically, such a picture must arise if we submit the available empirical evidence to critical analysis from the perspective of social theoretical approaches to religion developed in sociology and anthropology.

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Aux origines du nationalisme albanais

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Violence and its Impact on Loyalty and Identity Formation in Late Ottoman Kosovo: Muslims and Christians in a Period of Reform and Transformation1

Violence and its Impact on Loyalty and Identity Formation in Late Ottoman Kosovo: Muslims and Christians in a Period of Reform and Transformation1

Albanian-style laïcité: A Model for a Multi-religious European Home?

The politics of religious dualism: Naim Frashëri and his elective affinity to religion in the course of 19th-century Albanian activism

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