AUV-based characterization of EMF emissions from submerged power cables

Dhanak, Manhar R.; An, Edgar; Coulson, Robert; Frankenfield, John; Ravenna, Shirley; Pugsley, D. W.; Valdes, George; Venezia, William

doi:10.1109/oceans-genova.2015.7271719

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…While measuring EMFs is conceptually straightforward, accurately measuring and modeling EMFs at depth in the marine environment has been addressed only recently [135,[137][138][139]. Kavet et al [135] provided quantitative model validation using their measurements for a highvoltage DC cable.…”

Section: Monitoring and Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Modeling Approaches for Understanding and Monitoring the Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy

Buenau

Garavelli

Hemery

et al. 2022

JMSE

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Understanding the environmental effects of marine energy (ME) devices is fundamental for their sustainable development and efficient regulation. However, measuring effects is difficult given the limited number of operational devices currently deployed. Numerical modeling is a powerful tool for estimating environmental effects and quantifying risks. It is most effective when informed by empirical data and coordinated with the development and implementation of monitoring protocols. We reviewed modeling techniques and information needs for six environmental stressor–receptor interactions related to ME: changes in oceanographic systems, underwater noise, electromagnetic fields (EMFs), changes in habitat, collision risk, and displacement of marine animals. This review considers the effects of tidal, wave, and ocean current energy converters. We summarized the availability and maturity of models for each stressor–receptor interaction and provide examples involving ME devices when available and analogous examples otherwise. Models for oceanographic systems and underwater noise were widely available and sometimes applied to ME, but need validation in real-world settings. Many methods are available for modeling habitat change and displacement of marine animals, but few examples related to ME exist. Models of collision risk and species response to EMFs are still in stages of theory development and need more observational data, particularly about species behavior near devices, to be effective. We conclude by synthesizing model status, commonalities between models, and overlapping monitoring needs that can be exploited to develop a coordinated and efficient set of protocols for predicting and monitoring the environmental effects of ME.

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Section: Monitoring and Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Modeling Approaches for Understanding and Monitoring the Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy

Buenau

Garavelli

Hemery

et al. 2022

JMSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, motionally induced electric fields may also arise from an animal or water body moving through the magnetic field produced by both AC and DC cables (Gill et al, 2014). EMF intensities decay as a function of distance from the source and can be modeled using cable properties (core/ shielding materials, configuration, amperage, voltage) and the local geomagnetic field (e.g., Hutchison et al, 2020 methods have included surface-towed, bottom-towed, and autonomous underwater vehicles, each either measuring the magnetic field or simultaneously measuring magnetic and electric fields in three dimensions (Dhanak et al, 2015;Kavet et al, 2016;Sherwood et al, 2016;Hutchison et al, 2020).…”

Section: Understanding Emf a Potential Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%