Autumn Defoliation Effects on Alfalfa Winter Survival, Root Physiology, and Gene Expression

Haagenson, Darrin M.; Cunningham, Suzanne M.; Joern, B. C.; Volenec, Jeffrey J.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2003.1340

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(42 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Several other field observations, however, indicated that root TNC concentrations in fall and winter were not reduced by fall harvests, and were poorly related with yields in the following spring (Edminsten and Wolf 1988;Sheaffer et al 1988;Brink and Marten 1989). More recent research even showed an increase in TNC concentrations (g kg -1 DM) of taproots of alfalfa harvested in the fall Haagenson et al 2003). Dhont et al (2002Dhont et al ( , 2003, however, observed that the increase in total amounts (g plant -1 ) of TNC and N reserves in alfalfa taproots during fall was strongly limited by a fall harvest, especially with shorter regrowth intervals between the last two harvests (Fig.…”

Section: Organic Reservesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Winter damage to perennial forage crops in eastern Canada: Causes, mitigation, and prediction

Bélanger¹,

Castonguay²,

Bertrand³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

R. 2006. Winter damage to perennial forage crops in eastern Canada: Causes, mitigation, and prediction. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 33-47. Harsh winter climate results in frequent losses of stands and yield reduction in many forage-growing areas of Canada and other parts of the world. Climatic conditions and crop management both affect the winter survival of perennial forage crops. In this review, we present the main causes of winter damage in eastern Canada and we discuss crop management practices that help mitigate the risks of losses. Predictive tools available to assess the risks of winter damage both spatially and temporally are also presented. Our understanding of the causes of winter damage and of the plant adaptation mechanisms to winter stresses, particularly the role of N and C organic reserves, has improved. Forage species commonly grown in eastern Canada differ in their tolerance to subfreezing temperatures and to anoxia caused by the presence of ice on fields. Some improvement in winter hardiness of forage legume species has been achieved through breeding in eastern Canada but new technologies based on laboratory freezing tests and the identification of molecular markers may facilitate the future development of winter-hardy cultivars. Crop management practices required for good winter survival are now better defined, particularly those involving cutting management and the interval between harvests. Simulation models and climatic indices derived from our current knowledge of the causes of winter damage provide general indications on the risk of winter damage but their degree of precision and accuracy is still not satisfactory. Further improvements in winter survival require a more thorough understanding of the different causes of winter damage and, primarily, of their complex interactions with genetic, climatic, and management factors.

show abstract

Section: Organic Reservesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Winter damage to perennial forage crops in eastern Canada: Causes, mitigation, and prediction

Bélanger¹,

Castonguay²,

Bertrand³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Death of red clover occurred over winter because mowing reduced carbohydrate levels in the crown and roots; perennial legumes use 50 % of their stored carbohydrates to survive the winter (Sheaffer et al 1988). Producers in the Great Plains are encouraged to not harvest legumes in the fall to avoid stand loss due to winterkill (Haagenson et al 2004). …”

Section: Converting a Perennial Legume To Cropland Without Tillagementioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating a complex rotation with no-till improves weed management in organic farming. A review

Anderson

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

No-till practices are restoring and protecting soil health and are considered critical for achieving sustainability of global agriculture. Organic producers in the USA would like to no-till, but are concerned about managing weeds without tillage. In conventional agriculture, no-till improves weed management in diverse rotations when crops are arranged in 2-year intervals of cool season and warm season crops.

show abstract

“…Medicago falcata, which is a native legume species widely occurring in the cold areas of Russia, Mongolia, Scandinavia and northern China (Lesins and Lesins 1979), exhibits great tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought and freezing, and is widely used as a general source of germplasm for breeding forage of alfalfa (Riday et al 2003). There are reports showing that freezing-tolerant alfalfa can accumulate COLDACCLIMA-TION-SPECIFIC (CAS) proteins during cold acclimation (Mohapatra et al 1989;Monroy et al 1993;Wolfraim et al 1993;Haagenson et al 2003). The CAS proteins belong to the family of dehydrin protein, and the expression of CAS genes in alfalfa genotypes is positively correlated with their tolerance to freezing (Mohapatra et al 1989).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative studies on tolerance of Medicago truncatula and Medicago falcata to freezing

Zhang

Zhao

Tian

et al. 2011

Planta

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Medicago falcata is a legume species that exhibits great capacity of tolerance to abiotic stresses. To elucidate the mechanism underlying tolerance of M. falcata to freezing, we compared the characteristics of M. falcata in response to cold acclimation and freezing with those of the legume model plant Medicago truncatula. M. falcata seedlings were more tolerant to freezing than M. truncatula, as evidenced by a lower value of EL(50) (temperature at which 50% electrolyte leakage after freezing) and greater survival rate for M. falcata than M. truncatula. Cold acclimation led to greater reduction in EL(50) for M. falcata than M. truncatula. Sucrose was the most abundant sugar in both M. falcta and M. truncatula, and a greater accumulation of sucrose and Pro in M. falcata than in M. truncatula during cold acclimation was observed. Cold acclimation induced small amounts of raffinose and stachyose in M. falcata, but not in M. truncatula. The activities of sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase were greater in M. falcata than in M. truncatula. In contrast, the activity of acid invertase was higher in M. truncatula than in M. falcata. There was an increase in transcript of CRT binding factor (CBF) upon exposure to low temperature in the two species. The low temperature-induced increase in transcript of CBF2 was much higher in M. truncatula than in M. falcata, while transcript of CBF3 in M. falcata was greater than that in M. truncatula. There were sustained increases in transcripts of cold acclimation specific (CAS), a downstream target of CBF, during cold acclimation and the increases were greater in M. falcata than in M. truncatula. These results demonstrate that accumulation of greater amounts of soluble sugars coupled with higher CBF3 and CAS transcript levels in M. falcata may play a role in conferring greater tolerance of M. falcata to freezing than that of M. truncatula.

show abstract

Autumn Defoliation Effects on Alfalfa Winter Survival, Root Physiology, and Gene Expression

Cited by 43 publications

References 29 publications

Winter damage to perennial forage crops in eastern Canada: Causes, mitigation, and prediction

Winter damage to perennial forage crops in eastern Canada: Causes, mitigation, and prediction

Integrating a complex rotation with no-till improves weed management in organic farming. A review

Comparative studies on tolerance of Medicago truncatula and Medicago falcata to freezing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About