Autotrophic Eukaryotic Freshwater Symbionts

Reißer, Werner; Wießner, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69299-4_4

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…4, the 20 strains investigated in this study belong to eight independent species of six genera within the green algal classes Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae, thus confirming the polyphyly of Zoochlorella. This fact was already suggested in many studies using morphological and biochemical features for characterization of these algae (see reviews Reisser, 1984;1994;Reisser and Wiessner, 1984). For example, in ciliates around 25 species were known to contain Chlorella-like symbionts; however, only the zoochlorellae from four species (P. bursaria, Climacostomum virens, Coleps hirtus and E. daidaleos) were considered to be closely related to Chlorella vulgaris (Reisser, 1994).…”

Section: Multiple Origin Of Endosymbiosis In Protists and Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 93%

The systematics of Zoochlorella revisited employing an integrative approach

Pröschold

Darienko

Silva

et al. 2010

Environmental Microbiology

149

165

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Symbiosis of green algae with protozoa and invertebrates has been studied for more than 100 years. Endosymbiotic green algae are widely distributed in ciliates (e.g. Paramecium, Stentor, Climacostomum, Coleps, Euplotes), heliozoa (e.g. Acanthocystis) and invertebrates (e.g. Hydra, Spongilla), and have traditionally been identified as named or unnamed species of Chlorella Beij. or Zoochlorella K. Brandt or referred to as Chlorella-like algae or zoochlorellae. We studied 17 strains of endosymbionts isolated from various hosts and geographical localities using an integrative approach (nuclear encoded small subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions of rRNA gene sequences including their secondary structures, morphology, physiology and virus sensitivity). Phylogenetic analyses have revealed them to be polyphyletic. The strains examined belong to five independent clades within the Trebouxiophyceae (Choricystis-, Elliptochloris-, Auxenochlorella- and Chlorella-clades) and Chlorophyceae (Scenedesmus-clade). The most studied host organism, Paramecium bursaria, harbours endosymbionts representing at least five different species. On the basis of our results, we propose a taxonomic revision of endosymbiotic 'Chlorella'-like green algae. Zoochlorella conductrix K. Brandt is transferred to Micractinium Fresen. and Zoochlorella parasitica K. Brandt to Choricystis (Skuja) Fott. It was shown that Choricystis minor (Skuja) Fott, the generitype, is a later heterotypic synonym of Choricystis parasitica (K. Brandt) comb. nov. A new species, Chlorella heliozoae, is proposed to accommodate the endosymbiont of Acanthocystis turfacea.

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Section: Multiple Origin Of Endosymbiosis In Protists and Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 93%

The systematics of Zoochlorella revisited employing an integrative approach

Pröschold

Darienko

Silva

et al. 2010

Environmental Microbiology

149

165

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“…The transmission of the symbionts will occur by transfer of vacuoles between the different cells. These vesicles, known as perialgal vacuoles, contain a single symbiont cell (Reisser and Wiessner 1984), which will be able to divide autonomously. It is considered that, within a period of 6 h, all the cells of the sponge will be able to present these vacuoles, especially in the mesohyl (Saller 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of alkalinity and light intensity on the growth of the freshwater sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis (Porifera: Spongillidae)

et al. 2023

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The adaptation of sponges to freshwater environments was a major event in the evolutionary history of this clade. The transition from a marine environment to freshwater ecosystems entailed a great number of adaptations to more unstable habitats, such as the ability to form resistance gemmules as a defense mechanism against environmental adversity. However, data on the parameters that modulate hatching and growth of these animals are scarce. In the present study, the growth response capacity of Ephydatia fluviatilis (Porifera: Spongillidae) has been evaluated in relation to both water alkalinity and light intensity. The results obtained revealed a positive association between the growth capacity of this freshwater sponge and high alkalinity values. On the other hand, exposure to light, regardless of its intensity, affected the development and distribution of the symbionts, which in turn, corresponds to a higher growth rate of the sponge. The obtained data suggest an explanation for the greater distribution of this species in alkaline environments. The results of this work also shed light on the importance of the symbiosis phenomenon in E. fluviatilis.

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“…We also used some papers in which authors have used the synonym zooxanthellae (Yonge, 1944) and Chlorella sp. (Reisser and Wiessner, 1984). Water samples for chemical analysis and experiments were collected at depth of 15 to 30 cm and at a distance of 1 m from bank.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulatory activity of four green freshwater sponges on aquatic mycotal communities

Czeczuga¹,

Semeniuk²,

Grell³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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The influence of the four species of green sponges (Ephydatia muelleri, Heteromeyenia stepanowii, Spongilla fluviatilis, and Spongilla lacustris) on the occurrence of aquatic mycotal species in the water of three four water bodies of different trophy was investigated in this study. Seeds and snake exuviae were used as baits. For the measurement of the primary and extracellular production by symbiotic algae of green sponges and assimilation of those products by mycota, radioactive carbon (14 C) was used. A total of 75 mycotal species were found to be growing on the baits. The fewest mycota were noted in the containers in water from oligotrophic Lake Hańcza; the most in the containers with eutrophic water from River Supraśl. More mycota were found to grow in the containers with green sponges (Sp) than in the controls (Co) in water from all water bodies. The mean ratio of Sp/Co in green sponges ranged from 2.30 (E. muelleri) to 4.80 (H. stepanowii); in brown colonies (without symbiotic algae) it was 0.90. Mean value of 14 C fixation (primary production) in symbiotic algae of Spogilla fluviatilis was 5.67 mg C g-1 dry weight sponge per hour. The effect of green sponges on the abundance of aquatic mycotal species is caused by dissolved organic matter produced during photosynthesis by symbiotic zoochlorellae, a symbionts of green sponges and excreted into the water environment (S. fluviatilis excreted mean 12.8% of carbon fixation). Those excreted organic substances serve as nutrients for aquatic mycota. The mean value of extracellular products assimilated by mycota was 4.96 mg C g-1 dry weight mycelium per hour.

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Autotrophic Eukaryotic Freshwater Symbionts

Cited by 14 publications

References 61 publications

The systematics of Zoochlorella revisited employing an integrative approach

The systematics of Zoochlorella revisited employing an integrative approach

Effect of alkalinity and light intensity on the growth of the freshwater sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis (Porifera: Spongillidae)

Stimulatory activity of four green freshwater sponges on aquatic mycotal communities

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