Autotrophic denitrification for nitrate and nitrite removal using sulfur-limestone

An integrated process of three-dimensional biofilm-electrode with sulfur autotrophic denitrification (3DBER-SAD) for wastewater reclamation

“…When it was used as a 3DBER-SAD, the remaining space was filled with a mixture of granular AC and elemental sulfur (S 0 ) granules (with particle size of 3-5 mm) at a mixing ratio of 8:1. The selection of this mixing ratio was based on previous literatures (Zhou et al 2011) and the fact that we intended to establish an integrated system involving heterotrophic, hydrogenotrophic and sulfur autotrophic denitrification, where the heterotrophic and hydrogenotrophic denitrification play main roles because the simulated WWTP effluent contained a certain amount of organic carbon, while element sulfur plays a complementary role and helps to stabilize the pH of the system. The AC or AC mixture filler can serve not only as a biofilm carrier but also as the third electrode (Hao et al 2013a).…”

Remediation of nitrate-contaminated water by solid-phase denitrification process—a review

“…The nitrate removal efficiency increases with decrease in initial nitrate concentration and grain size (Torrento et al 2011). Greater influent nutrient concentration will require greater hydraulic retention time (HRT) for complete removal (Zhou et al 2011). Also, high initial concentration can affect denitrification process by inhibiting the production of N 2 gas from N 2 O reduction (Blackmer and Bremner 1978).…”

“…Healy et al in 2012 mentioned this concept as pollution swapping where the presence of particular species goes down while the concentration of other species increases. For water and wastewater with lower BOD-tonitrogen ratio, autotrophic denitrification can be a better option than heterotrophic as external organic carbon source can be eliminated leading to reduction in cost and contamination due to lower cell yield (Zhou et al 2011).…”

“…It may lead to eutrophication, toxic algal blooms, habitat deterioration in river, lakes, and various coastal regions, hypoxia, and increased N 2 O emissions in atmosphere (Galloway et al 2003;Warneke et al 2011a, b;Zhou et al 2011). Use of such poor quality of water in irrigation can cause reduced crop production (Azizullah et al 2011).…”

Sulfide Generation and Clogging during Infiltration of Denitrified Domestic Wastewater through Two Artificially Created Soils

“…Meanwhile, other workers did not detect sulfide generation 118 while removing nitrates from groundwater (Kimura et al, 2002;Soares, 2002 During the infiltration of denitrified wastewater (DW) through the soil, the sulfate-132 reducing bacteria (SRB) present in soils can use the organic matter as electron donors and the 133 sulfates as electron acceptors, resulting in the reduction of sulfate to sulfide (Zhou et al, 2011). 134 7 Sulfide generation could be responsible for many bad effects such as negative impacts on human 135 health, unpleasant odor and corrosion.…”