Autothermal reforming of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon liquids

Flytzani‐Stephanopoulos, Maria; Voecks, Gerald E.

doi:10.1016/0360-3199(83)90006-x

Cited by 52 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Evidently, then, the coke was also oxidized from the catalyst surface during the first ATR cycle increasing the selectivity to carbon dioxide, and to carbon monoxide through WGS equilibrium. These findings confirm the assumption of carbon formation and oxidation on the catalyst surface [7], yielding an exothermic total reaction, especially, in the ATR of toluene.…”

Section: Atr Of Single Hydrocarbonssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Moreover, the total reaction of toluene was more exothermic than that of the other hydrocarbons over the whole temperature range, in agreement with the thermodynamics. Flytzani-Stephanopoulos and Voecks [7] noticed similar temperature differences between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, which they attributed to the appearance of carbon in the catalyst bed.…”

Section: Atr Of Single Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Autothermal reforming of simulated gasoline and diesel fuels

Kaila

Krause

2006

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Autothermal reforming (ATR) of simulated fuels was studied with n-heptane, n-dodecane, toluene, and methylcyclohexane as model compounds for different fractions of gasoline and diesel on zirconia-supported Rh and Pt. A performance comparison was made on commercial nickel catalyst. No inhibiting effect was observed between the hydrocarbons on any catalyst, even though aliphatic hydrocarbons are more reactive than aromatics. The product selectivities obtained in ATR of simulated fuels could be calculated from the selectivities obtained in ATR of single hydrocarbons.ATR of fuels has to be operated at high temperatures, which promotes thermal cracking. To prevent these side reactions active and selective catalysts are needed. The Rh/ZrO 2 catalyst showed high ATR activity and selectivity. Moreover, less coke was accumulated on the zirconia-supported noble metal catalysts than on the commercial nickel catalyst. Some deactivation of the rhodium and nickel catalysts was, however, observed. ᭧

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Section: Atr Of Single Hydrocarbonssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Atr Of Single Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Autothermal reforming of simulated gasoline and diesel fuels

Kaila

Krause

2006

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…(24)], or as a combination of both, the so-called autothermal reforming. [97,98] C n H 2nþ2 þ n H 2 O ! n CO þ ðn þ 1Þ H 2 ð23Þ…”

Section: Reforming Of Liquid Hydrogen Carriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Physical Solutions for Hydrogen Storage

Eberle¹,

2009

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Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier in future energy systems. However, storage of hydrogen is a substantial challenge, especially for applications in vehicles with fuel cells that use proton-exchange membranes (PEMs). Different methods for hydrogen storage are discussed, including high-pressure and cryogenic-liquid storage, adsorptive storage on high-surface-area adsorbents, chemical storage in metal hydrides and complex hydrides, and storage in boranes. For the latter chemical solutions, reversible options and hydrolytic release of hydrogen with off-board regeneration are both possible. Reforming of liquid hydrogen-containing compounds is also a possible means of hydrogen generation. The advantages and disadvantages of the different systems are compared.

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“…One area where fuel formulations have been found to have an impact is in the formation of coke and the positions of the coke-forming regime. 7 Differences in composition are also expected to affect other factors related to reformer performance, such as hydrogen production and hydrocarbon conversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reforming Petroleum-Based Fuels for Fuel Cell Vehicles: Composition-Performance Relationships

Kopasz¹,

Miller²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2002

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Onboard reforming of petroleum-based fuels, such as gasoline, may help ease the introduction of fuel cell vehicles to the marketplace. Although gasoline can be reformed, it is optimized to meet the demands of ICEs. This optimization includes blending to increase the octane number and addition of oxygenates and detergents to control emissions. The requirements for a fuel for onboard reforming to hydrogen are quite different than those for combustion. Factors such as octane number and flame speed are not important; however, factors such as hydrogen density, catalyst-fuel interactions, and possible catalyst poisoning become paramount. In order to identify what factors are important in a hydrocarbon fuel for reforming to hydrogen and what factors are detrimental, we have begun a program to test various components of gasoline and blends of components under autothermal reforming conditions. The results indicate that fuel composition can have a large effect on reforming behavior. Components which may be beneficial for ICEs for their octane enhancing value were detrimental to reforming. Fuels with high aromatic and naphthenic content were more difficult to reform. Aromatics were also found to have an impact on the kinetics for reforming of paraffins. The effects of sulfur impurities were dependent on the catalyst. Sulfur was detrimental for Ni, Co, and Ru catalysts. Sulfur was beneficial for reforming with Pt catalysts, however, the effect was dependent on the sulfur concentration.

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Autothermal reforming of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon liquids

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Autothermal reforming of simulated gasoline and diesel fuels

Autothermal reforming of simulated gasoline and diesel fuels

Chemical and Physical Solutions for Hydrogen Storage

Reforming Petroleum-Based Fuels for Fuel Cell Vehicles: Composition-Performance Relationships

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