Autotetraploidy in caraway (Carum carvi L.) for the increase of the aetheric oil content of the seed

Abstract

An autotetraploid population of caraway (Carurn carvi L.) was produced by treating the growing points of young plants with a 0.2% colchicine solution. Selection on morphology, pollen size and pollen shape, followed by a selection on seed size proved to be an effective way to identify the mixoploid C, plants. Three percent of the treated plants produced a tetraploid progeny. Moderate selection in the C, and the C, population resulted in an improvement of the average seed-set to the amount of 50% of the diploid control, with a range of 21-78%. The IOOO-kernel weight of the tetraploid material was 7 g, compared to 3 g in the diploid control. The oil content of the autotetraploid seed was increased with 35.6%; the increase in carvone amounted to 6.9%. The results of the experiment indicate that breeding work in autotetraploid caraway may result in a new cultivar.1NTRODUCTlON

The Effects of Cuminum cyminum L. and Carum carvi L. Seed Extracts on Human Erythrocyte Hemolysis

“…The plant caraway plant has been shown to have stomachic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiulcerogenic, and antiproliferative properties and can be an effective insect repellent (Peirce, 1999;Eddouks et al, 2004;Deeptha et al, 2006). The extract of caraway mainly contains ethereal (essential) oil, aromatic ketone, carvone, D-limonene, fatty oil, protein compounds, waxes, tanning agents, resins, flavonoids, organic acids, coumarin compounds, minerals, and other salts (Dijkstra & Speckmann, 1980;Weiss, 2002;Dyduch et al, 2006;Agnieszka et al, 2008).…”

Polyploidy Induction in German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) by Herbicide Trifluralin

“…In Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) the application of trifluralin in 22.5 µM concentration at 24 h had the most ploidy induction and the karyotypes of chromosomes changed (Afshari et al, 2009). a finding also reported in Tanacetum parthenium (Saharkhiz, 2007), Mentha mozaffarianii (Ghani et al, 2014), Catharanthus roseus (Hoseini et al, 2012), Dracocephalum moldavica (Omidbaigi et al, 2010), Ocimum basilicum (Omidbaigi et al, 2012) and Carum carvi L. (Dijkstra & Speckmann, 1980).…”

“…Previous studies on tetraploid varieties of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.) (Saharkhiz, 2007), caraway (Carum Carvi L.) (Dijkstra & Speckmann, 1980) and rosy periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don) (Hoseini et al, 2012) have shown a reduction in growth rate in the early stages of growth along with a reduction in plant height during the flowering stage as compared with their diploid counterparts. Indeed, a common outcome of polyploidy in plants is a reduction in the number of cell divisions in the early stages of growth (te Beest et al, 2012).…”

Thebaine content and yield in induced tetraploid and triploid plants of Papaver bracteatum Lindl.

“…Delayed flowering and seed maturation which was also found for tetraploid caraway (DIJKSTRA & SPECKMANN, 1980), could help in identifying the tetraploid plants. Therefore, the most reliable method for identifying polyploid plants was by cytological examination of the PMC's.…”