Autostereoscopic 3D display using directional subpixel rendering

Abstract

In this paper we present an autostereoscopic 3D display using a directional subpixel rendering algorithm in which clear left-right images are expressed in real time based on a viewer's 3D eye positions. In order to maintain the 3D image quality over a wide viewing range, we designed an optical layer that generates a uniformly distributed light field. The proposed 3D rendering method is simple, and each pixel processing can be performed independently in parallel computing environments. To prove the effectiveness of our display system, we implemented 31.5" 3D monitor and 10.1" 3D tablet prototypes in which the 3D rendering is processed in the GPU and FPGA board, respectively.

Content-Aware Eye Tracking for Autostereoscopic 3D Display

“…Autostereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) displays provide immersive visual experiences with a realistic sense of the image depth without the need for 3D eyeglasses [ 1 , 2 ]. Although multiview autostereoscopic 3D displays can be observed without 3D eyeglasses, they suffer from limited 3D viewing zones and decreased image resolution, owing to the number of 3D views [ 1 , 2 ]. The eye tracking-based autostereoscopic 3D method overcomes these limitations, allows a single-user, seamless 3D experience, and provides higher 3D resolution contents.…”

“…One of the commercial eye tracking-based 3D display products is the Nintendo 3DS. Additionally, our 10.1” tablet and 31.5” personal monitor prototypes that use the eye tracking-based directional subpixel rendering algorithm are described in [ 2 , 3 ]. Additionally, this eye tracking-based autostereoscopic 3D method can also be utilized in head-up displays (HUDs) ( Figure 1 a), which have been increasingly used by the automotive industry.…”

“…In eye tracking-based autostereoscopic 3D display systems, the left and right images are separated by the 3D eye locations of the viewers, whereby the pixel values are adapted according to the left and right eye positions in real-time by the directional subpixel rendering algorithms [ 2 , 3 ]. With more accurate and faster eye-center position tracking, 3D images with lower crosstalk and higher 3D resolution can be provided, even when the head movements of the users are considered in real-time.…”

“…With more accurate and faster eye-center position tracking, 3D images with lower crosstalk and higher 3D resolution can be provided, even when the head movements of the users are considered in real-time. The allowed accuracy of the eye tracking position and tracking speed for our real-time 3D system prototypes were described in our previous study [ 2 ]. When the optimal viewing distance between the user and the eye tracking camera at vehicles was assumed to be between 400 and 1000 mm considering common drivers’ viewing conditions, the allowed eye-positional error margins were 8 mm in the x-direction ( Figure 1 b), 20 mm in the y-direction, and 300 mm in the z-direction for the designed 27-view optical design.…”

“…When the optimal viewing distance between the user and the eye tracking camera at vehicles was assumed to be between 400 and 1000 mm considering common drivers’ viewing conditions, the allowed eye-positional error margins were 8 mm in the x-direction ( Figure 1 b), 20 mm in the y-direction, and 300 mm in the z-direction for the designed 27-view optical design. The overall 3D rendering system latency in our proposed 3D systems consists of the camera capturing, the subpixel rendering, 3D image/graphics rendering, and eye tracking times, whereby the crosstalk increases when the users move [ 2 ]. To reduce the crosstalk that is induced when the user’s head moves, faster eye tracking is used which lowers the overall system latency.…”