Autosomal Genes of Autosomal/X-Linked Duplicated Gene Pairs and Germ-Line Proliferation in Caenorhabditis elegans

Maciejowski, John; Ahn, James H.; Cipriani, Patricia Giselle; Killian, Darrell J.; Chaudhary, Aisha L.; Lee, Ji Inn; Voutev, Roumen; Johnsen, Robert; Baillie, David L.; Gunsalus, Kristin C.; Fitch, David; Hubbard, E. Jane Albert

doi:10.1534/genetics.104.040121

Cited by 45 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with a role of PABP in poly(A) tail mediated changes during oogenesis, overexpression of PABP1 in X. laevis oocytes blocks the maturation-induced deadenylation and translational inactivation of mRNAs that lack CPEs, as well as inhibiting the recruitment of some CPE-containing mRNAs onto polysomes (Wormington et al 1996). A role for PABP in oogenesis is also indicated by early meiotic defects in PAB-1-deficient C. elegans (Maciejowski et al 2005).…”

Section: Pabpssupporting

confidence: 54%

“…However, the determination of the extent to which PABPs are required for DAZL function in vertebrate oogenesis will require the genetic confirmation of a role for the DAZL-PABP interaction. Interestingly, the C. elegans DAZ-1 loss-of-function phenotype is highly reminiscent of the C. elegans PAB-1-deficient phenotype, both exhibiting early meiotic blocks in the female germline (Maciejowski et al 2005, Maruyama et al 2005.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Dazl-mediated Translational Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The DAZL and PABP families: RNA-binding proteins with interrelated roles in translational control in oocytes

Brook¹,

Smith²,

Gray³

2009

Reproduction

111

114

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Gametogenesis is a highly complex process that requires the exquisite temporal, spatial and amplitudinal regulation of gene expression at multiple levels. Translational regulation is important in a wide variety of cell types but may be even more prevalent in germ cells, where periods of transcriptional quiescence necessitate the use of post-transcriptional mechanisms to effect changes in gene expression. Consistent with this, studies in multiple animal models have revealed an essential role for mRNA translation in the establishment and maintenance of reproductive competence. While studies in humans are less advanced, emerging evidence suggests that translational regulation plays a similarly important role in human germ cells and fertility. This review highlights specific mechanisms of translational regulation that play critical roles in oogenesis by activating subsets of mRNAs. These mRNAs are activated in a strictly determined temporal manner via elements located within their 3 0 UTR, which serve as binding sites for trans-acting factors. While we concentrate on oogenesis, these regulatory events also play important roles during spermatogenesis. In particular, we focus on the deleted in azoospermia-like (DAZL) family of proteins, recently implicated in the translational control of specific mRNAs in germ cells; their relationship with the general translation initiation factor poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) and the process of cytoplasmic mRNA polyadenylation.

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Section: Pabpssupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Mechanism Of Dazl-mediated Translational Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The DAZL and PABP families: RNA-binding proteins with interrelated roles in translational control in oocytes

Brook¹,

Smith²,

Gray³

2009

Reproduction

111

114

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show abstract

“…4C). eft-3 encodes a translation elongation factor 1␣ that is expressed in the germ line (23). By real-time PCR, gld-1 mRNA was enriched Ϸ8-fold in the anti-GLD-3 IP versus preimmune serum ( Fig.…”

Section: Gld-2 Regulates Gld-1 Poly(a) Tail Lengthmentioning

confidence: 98%

The GLD-2 poly(A) polymerase activates gld-1 mRNA in the Caenorhabditis elegans germ line

Suh¹,

Jedamzik

Eckmann

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

116

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mRNA regulation is crucial for many aspects of metazoan development and physiology, including regulation of stem cells and synaptic plasticity. In the nematode germ line, RNA regulators control stem cell maintenance, the sperm͞oocyte decision, and progression through meiosis. Of particular importance to this work are three GLD (germ-line development) regulatory proteins, each of which promotes entry into the meiotic cell cycle: GLD-1 is a STAR͞Quaking translational repressor, GLD-2 is a cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase, and GLD-3 is a homolog of Bicaudal-C. Here we report that the gld-1 mRNA is a direct target of the GLD-2 poly(A) polymerase: polyadenylation of gld-1 mRNA depends on GLD-2, the abundance of GLD-1 protein is dependent on GLD-2, and the gld-1 mRNA coimmunoprecipitates with both GLD-2 and GLD-3 proteins. We suggest that the GLD-2 poly(A) polymerase enhances entry into the meiotic cell cycle at least in part by activating GLD-1 expression. The importance of this conclusion is twofold. First, the activation of gld-1 mRNA by GLD-2 identifies a positive regulatory step that reinforces the decision to enter the meiotic cell cycle. Second, gld-1 mRNA is initially repressed by FBF (for fem-3 binding factor) to maintain stem cells but then becomes activated by the GLD-2 poly(A) polymerase once stem cells begin to make the transition into the meiotic cell cycle. Therefore, a molecular switch regulates gld-1 mRNA activity to accomplish the transition from mitosis to meiosis. cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase ͉ RNA regulation ͉ mitosis͞meiosis decision

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“…Only pab-1, not pab-2, seems essential for germline development. Loss of pab-1 results in sterile animals with a strong germline proliferation defect, indicating that PAB-1-related poly(A)-tail metabolism is critical for germ cell divisions (Ciosk et al 2004 ;Maciejowski et al 2005 ;Ko et al 2010 ) . The process of poly(A)-tail shortening is termed deadenylation and is carried out by deadenylases (Garneau et al 2007 ) (Fig.…”

Section: Poly(a)-tail Length Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translational Control in the Caenorhabditis elegans Germ Line

Nousch

Eckmann

2012

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Translational control is a prevalent form of gene expression regulation in the Caenorhabditis elegans germ line. Linking the amount of protein synthesis to mRNA quantity and translational accessibility in the cell cytoplasm provides unique advantages over DNA-based controls for developing germ cells. This mode of gene expression is especially exploited in germ cell fate decisions and during oogenesis, when the developing oocytes stockpile hundreds of different mRNAs required for early embryogenesis. Consequently, a dense web of RNA regulators, consisting of diverse RNA-binding proteins and RNA-modifying enzymes, control the translatability of entire mRNA expression programs. These RNA regulatory networks are tightly coupled to germ cell developmental progression and are themselves under translational control. The underlying molecular mechanisms and RNA codes embedded in the mRNA molecules are beginning to be understood. Hence, the C. elegans germ line offers fertile grounds for discovering post-transcriptional mRNA regulatory mechanisms and emerges as great model for a systems level understanding of translational control during development.

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Autosomal Genes of Autosomal/X-Linked Duplicated Gene Pairs and Germ-Line Proliferation in Caenorhabditis elegans

Cited by 45 publications

References 55 publications

The DAZL and PABP families: RNA-binding proteins with interrelated roles in translational control in oocytes

The DAZL and PABP families: RNA-binding proteins with interrelated roles in translational control in oocytes

The GLD-2 poly(A) polymerase activates gld-1 mRNA in the Caenorhabditis elegans germ line

Translational Control in the Caenorhabditis elegans Germ Line

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