Autoradiographic studies with fatty acids and some other lipids: A review

Becker, Wulf; Bruce, Åke

doi:10.1016/0163-7827(85)90010-4

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Further supporting the notion that FATP6 is the predominant cardiac FATP is our finding that the protein is more than 20 times more abundant than FATP1 in mouse heart lysates. The heart also has a very distinct uptake pattern of fatty acids and shows, in contrast with WAT, a preference for palmitate compared with oleate (23). Interestingly, this trend is reflected by the LCFA uptake pattern of the FATP6-stable cell line, which is consistent with the idea that a significant part of the cardiac LCFA uptake is mediated by FATP6.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Characterization of a Heart-specific Fatty Acid Transport Protein

Gimeno

Ortegon

Patel

et al. 2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

179

139

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Fatty acids are a major source of energy for cardiac myocytes. Changes in fatty acid metabolism have been implicated as causal in diabetes and cardiac disease. The mechanism by which long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) enter cardiac myocytes is not well understood but appears to occur predominantly by protein-mediated transport. Here we report the cloning, expression pattern, and subcellular localization of a novel member of the fatty acid transport protein (FATP) family termed FATP6. FATP6 is principally expressed in the heart where it is the predominant FATP family member. Similar to other FATPs, transient and stable transfection of FATP6 into 293 cells enhanced uptake of LCFAs. FATP6 mRNA was localized to cardiac myocytes by in situ hybridization. Immunofluorescence microscopy of FATP6 in monkey and murine hearts revealed that the protein is exclusively located on the sarcolemma. FATP6 was restricted in its distribution to areas of the plasma membrane juxtaposed with small blood vessels. In these membrane domains FATP6 also colocalizes with another molecule involved in LCFA uptake, CD36. These findings suggest that FATP6 is involved in heart LCFA uptake, in which it may play a role in the pathogenesis of lipid-related cardiac disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Characterization of a Heart-specific Fatty Acid Transport Protein

Gimeno

Ortegon

Patel

et al. 2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

179

139

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“…As demonstrated by the whole-body autoradiographic study, the results clearly demonstrate that the highest uptake of radioactivity is found with LSESR added with [1- 14CJ-oleic acid. Concerning the distribution of fatty acids, some previous papers have reported results obtained with the same methods (31). They are confirmed by our results which clearly demonstrate that the highest uptake occurs in the thoracic duct, the abdominal fat and the liver.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Distribution study of radioactivity in rats after oral administration of the lipido/sterolic extract ofSerenoa repens (Permixon®) supplemented with [1-14C]-lauric acid, [1-14C]-oleic acid or [4-14C]-β-sitosterol

Chevalier

Bénard

Cousse

et al. 1997

European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics

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The study carried out on rats given orally the n-hexane lipido/sterolic extract of Serenoa repens (LSESR), supplemented with [14C]-labelled oleic or lauric acids or beta-sitosterol, demonstrated that radioactivity uptake in prostatic tissues shows the highest level in the case of administration of LSESR supplemented with [14C]-labelled oleic acid. This was clearly demonstrated on a rat with an induced fibro-muscular hyperplasia of the prostate and by quantitative measurements of radioactivity. Ratios of radioactivity in tissues compared to plasma show an uptake of radioactivity greater in prostate as compared to other genital organs, i.e. the seminal vesicles or to other organs such as liver.

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“…However, after 24 hours, radioactivity in these tissues had decreased markedly. A similar pattern of distribution was noted in mice; however, large amounts of radioactivity were also noted in the brown fat, white adipose tissue, and spleen, even after 24 hours (Becker and Bruce 1985). In an earlier study, a 14 C-oleic acid-labeled Triolein emulsion was administered intravenously to rats.…”

Section: Tricaprylinsupporting

confidence: 56%

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Trilaurin, Triarachidin, Tribehenin, Tricaprin, Tricaprylin, Trierucin, Triheptanoin, Triheptylundecanoin, Triisononanoin, Triisopalmitin, Triisostearin, Trilinolein, Trimyristin, Trioctanoin, Triolein, Tripalmitin, Tripalmitolein, Triricinolein, Tristearin, Triundecanoin, Glyceryl Triacetyl Hydroxystearate, Glyceryl Triacetyl Ricinoleate, and Glyceryl Stearate Diacetate

2001

Int J Toxicol

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Triesters of glycerin and aliphatic acids, known generically as glyceryl triesters and specifically as Trilaurin, etc., are used in cosmetic products as occlusive skin-conditioning agents and/or non-aqueous viscosity-increasing agents. Hundreds of glyceryl triesters are used in a wide variety of cosmetic products at concentrations ranging from a few tenths of a percent to 46%. Glyceryl triesters are also known as triglycerides; ingested triglycerides are metabolized to monoglycerides, free fatty acids, and glycerol, all of which are absorbed in the intestinal mucosa and undergo further metabolism. Dermal absorption of Triolein in mice was nil; the oil remained at the application site. Only slight absorption was seen in guinea pig skin. Tricaprylin and other glyceryl triesters have been shown to increase the skin penetration of drugs. Little or no acute, subchronic, or chronic oral toxicity was seen in animal studies unless levels approached a significant percentage of caloric intake. Subcutaneous injections of Tricaprylin in rats over a period of 5 weeks caused a granulomatous reaction characterized by oil deposits surrounded by macrophages. Dermal application was not associated with significant irritation in rabbit skin. Ocular exposures were, at most, mildly irritating to rabbit eyes. No evidence of sensitization or photosensitization was seen in a guinea pig maximization test. Most of the genotoxicity test systems were negative. Tricaprylin, Trioctanoin, and Triolein have historically been used as vehicles in carcinogenicity testing of other chemicals. In one study, subcutaneous injection of Tricaprylin in newborn mice produced more tumors in lymphoid tissue than were seen in untreated animals, whereas neither subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection in 4-to 6-week-old female mice produced any tumors in another study. Trioctanoin injected subcutaneously in hamsters produced no tumors. Trioctanoin injected intraperitoneally in pregnant rats was associated with an increase in mammary tumors in the offspring compared to that seen in offspring of untreated animals, but similar studies in pregnant hamsters and rabbits showed no tumors in the offspring. One study of Triolein injected subcutaneously in rats showed no tumors at the injection site. As part of an effort to evaluate vehicles used in carcinogenicity studies, the National Toxicology Program conducted a 2-year carcinogenicity study in rats given Tricaprylin by gavage. This treatment was associated with a statistically significant dose-related increase in pancreatic acinar cell hyperplasia and adenoma, but there were no acinar carcinomas, the incidence of mononuclear leukemia was less, and nephropathy findings were reduced, all compared to corn oil controls. Overall, the study concluded that Tricaprylin did not offer significant advantages over corn oil as vehicles in carcinogenicity studies. Trilaurin was found to inhibit the formation of neoplasms initiated by dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) and promoted by croton oil. Tricaprylin was not teratogenic in mice or rats, but some reproductive effects were seen in rabbits. A low level of fetal eye abnormalities and a small percentage of abnormal sperm were reported in mice injected with Trioctanoin as a vehicle control. Clinical tests of Trilaurin at 36.3% in a commercial product applied to the skin produced no irritation reactions. Trilaurin, Tristearin, and Tribehenin at 40%, 1.68%, and 0.38%, respectively, in commercial products were also negative in repeated-insult patch tests. Tristearin at 0.32% in a commercial product induced transient, mild to moderate, ocular irritation after instillation into the eyes of human subjects. Based on the enhancement of penetration of other chemicals by skin treatment with glyceryl triesters, it is recommended that care be exercised in using them in cosmetic products. On the basis of the available data, the following 23 glyceryl triesters are considered safe as used in cosmetics: Trilaurin, Triarachidin, Tribehenin, Tricaprin, Tricaprylin, Trierucin, Triheptanoin, Triheptylundecanoin, Triisononanoin, Triisopalmitin, Triisostearin, Trilinolein, Trimyristin, Trioctanoin, Triolein, Tripalmitin, Tripalmitolein, Triricinolein, Tristearin, Triundecanoin, Glyceryl Triacetyl Hydroxystearate, Glyceryl Triacetyl Ricinoleate, and Glyceryl Stearate Diacetate. Some of these are not currently in use, but would be considered safe if used at concentrations similar to those glyceryl triesters that are in use as cosmetic ingredients.

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Autoradiographic studies with fatty acids and some other lipids: A review

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

Characterization of a Heart-specific Fatty Acid Transport Protein

Characterization of a Heart-specific Fatty Acid Transport Protein

Distribution study of radioactivity in rats after oral administration of the lipido/sterolic extract ofSerenoa repens (Permixon®) supplemented with [1-14C]-lauric acid, [1-14C]-oleic acid or [4-14C]-β-sitosterol

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