Autoradiographic localization of hormone‐concentrating cells in the brain of an amphibian, <i>Xenopus laevis</i>. I. Testosterone

Kelley, Darcy B.; Morrell, Joan I.; Pfaff, Donald W.

doi:10.1002/cne.901640105

Cited by 175 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Candidate cellular and network contributions to speciesspecific call duration and period Premotor vocal neurons in DTAM DTAM was initially identified as a target for androgens (Kelley et al, 1975;Kelley, 1980), essential hormones that support advertisement calling (Wetzel and Kelley, 1983), and as a source of input to vocal motor neurons (Wetzel et al, 1985;Kelley 2007, 2008). More recent studies identified a population of vocal premotor neurons in X. laevis DTAM (fast trill neurons, FTNs) with phase-locked spikes preceding each fast trill CAP (Zornik and Yamaguchi, 2012).…”

Section: Discussion Divergent Temporal Features Of Songs Are Supportementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of vocal patterns: tuning hindbrain circuits during species divergence

Barkan

Zornik

Kelley

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The neural circuits underlying divergent courtship behaviors of closely related species provide a framework for insight into the evolution of motor patterns. In frogs, male advertisement calls serve as unique species identifiers and females prefer conspecific to heterospecific calls. Advertisement calls of three relatively recently (∼8.5 Mya) diverged species -Xenopus laevis, X. petersii and X. victorianusinclude rapid trains of sound pulses (fast trills). We show that while fast trills are similar in pulse rate (∼60 pulses s) across the three species, they differ in call duration and period (time from the onset of one call to the onset of the following call). Previous studies of call production in X. laevis used an isolated brain preparation in which the laryngeal nerve produces compound action potentials that correspond to the advertisement call pattern (fictive calling). Here, we show that serotonin evokes fictive calling in X. petersii and X. victorianus as it does in X. laevis. As in X. laevis, fictive fast trill in X. petersii and X. victorianus is accompanied by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptordependent local field potential wave in a rostral hindbrain nucleus, DTAM. Across the three species, wave duration and period are strongly correlated with species-specific fast trill duration and period, respectively. When DTAM is isolated from the more rostral forebrain and midbrain and/or more caudal laryngeal motor nucleus, the wave persists at species-typical durations and periods. Thus, intrinsic differences within DTAM could be responsible for the evolutionary divergence of call patterns across these related species.

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Section: Discussion Divergent Temporal Features Of Songs Are Supportementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of vocal patterns: tuning hindbrain circuits during species divergence

Barkan

Zornik

Kelley

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The amphibian POA is similar to the mammalian POA in neurochemistry, hodology, and topography, as this hypothalamic region lies along the third ventricle and contains sex steroid hormone receptors (Kelley et al, 1975;Roy et al, 1986;di Meglio et al, 1987;Chakraborty and Burmeister, 2010;O'Connell et al, 2011a). The amphibian POA has several subregions based on cell size (Northcutt and Kicliter, 1980), although the homology of these subpopulations to the mammalian POA is uncertain.…”

Section: Amphibiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Vertebrate mesolimbic reward system and social behavior network: A comparative synthesis

O’Connell

Hofmann

2011

J of Comparative Neurology

856

879

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All animals evaluate the salience of external stimuli and integrate them with internal physiological information into adaptive behavior. Natural and sexual selection impinge on these processes, yet our understanding of behavioral decision-making mechanisms and their evolution is still very limited. Insights from mammals indicate that two neural circuits are of crucial importance in this context: the social behavior network and the mesolimbic reward system. Here we review evidence from neurochemical, tract-tracing, developmental, and functional lesion/stimulation studies that delineates homology relationships for most of the nodes of these two circuits across the five major vertebrate lineages: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and teleost fish. We provide for the first time a comprehensive comparative analysis of the two neural circuits and conclude that they were already present in early vertebrates. We also propose that these circuits form a larger social decision-making (SDM) network that regulates adaptive behavior. Our synthesis thus provides an important foundation for understanding the evolution of the neural mechanisms underlying reward processing and behavioral regulation. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3599-3639, 2011. INDEXING TERMS: social behavior; comparative neuroanatomy; amphibian; reptile; bird; teleost; reward system; social behavior network; limbic system; neural circuitsThroughout their lives, all animals constantly face situations that provide either challenges (e.g., aggression, predation) or opportunities (e.g., reproduction, foraging, habitat selection) (for a detailed review, see O'Connell and Hofmann, 2011). In all cases, environmental cues are processed by sensory systems into a meaningful biological signal while internal physiological cues (e.g., condition, maturity) and prior experience are integrated at the same time. This process usually results in behavioral actions that are adaptive, i.e., beneficial to the animal. To accomplish this, an animal's nervous system must evaluate the salience of a stimulus and elicit a context-appropriate behavioral response. Despite tremendous progress in understanding the ecology and evolution of social behavior (Lorenz, 1952;Tinbergen, 1963;Lehrman, 1965;von Frisch, 1967;Krebs and Davies, 1993;Stephens, 2008), it is less understood where in the brain these decisions (e.g., about mate choice or territory defense) are made and how these brain circuits have arisen over the course of vertebrate evolution.Recent research has begun to decipher the neural basis of social decision-making. In mammals in particular, the neural circuits that evaluate stimulus salience and/or regulate social behavior have been uncovered to some degree: the mesolimbic reward system and social behavior network (Fig. 1). It is becoming increasingly clear that the reward system (including but not limited to the midbrain dopaminergic system) is the neural circuit where the salience of an external stimulus is evaluated (Deco and Rolls, 2005;Wickens et al., 2007), as appetitive beh...

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“…Neurons throughout the vocal pathway in both sexes, including those in nucleus IX-X and DTAM, express androgen receptors and could be direct targets of androgen action (Kelley et al, 1975;Kelley, 1981;Perez et al, 1996). We previously demon- Counterstained with cresyl violet (light gray).…”

Section: Sex-specific Rhythmogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

XenopusVocalizations Are Controlled by a Sexually Differentiated Hindbrain Central Pattern Generator

Rhodes¹,

Yu²,

Yamaguchi³

2007

J. Neurosci.

135

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Male and female African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) produce rhythmic, sexually distinct vocalizations as part of courtship and mating. We found that Xenopus vocal behavior is governed by a sexually dimorphic central pattern generator (CPG) and that fictive vocalizations can be elicited from an in vitro brain preparation by application of serotonin or by electrical stimulation of a premotor nucleus. Male brains produced fictive vocal patterns representing two calls commonly produced by males in vivo (advertisement and amplectant call), as well as one call pattern (release call) that is common for juvenile males and females in vivo but rare for adult males. Female brains also produced fictive release call. The production of male calls is androgen dependent in Xenopus; to test the effects of androgens on the CPG, we examined fictive calling in the brains of testosterone-treated females. Both fictive male advertisement call and release call were produced. This suggests that all Xenopus possess a sexually undifferentiated pattern generator for release call. Androgen exposure leads to a gain-of-function, allowing the production of male-specific call types without prohibiting the production of the undifferentiated call pattern. We also demonstrate that the CPG is located in the brainstem and seems to rely on the same nuclei in both males and females. Finally, we identified endogenous serotonergic inputs to both the premotor and motor nuclei in the brainstem that may regulate vocal activity in vivo.

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Autoradiographic localization of hormone‐concentrating cells in the brain of an amphibian, Xenopus laevis. I. Testosterone

Cited by 175 publications

References 35 publications

Evolution of vocal patterns: tuning hindbrain circuits during species divergence

Evolution of vocal patterns: tuning hindbrain circuits during species divergence

The Vertebrate mesolimbic reward system and social behavior network: A comparative synthesis

XenopusVocalizations Are Controlled by a Sexually Differentiated Hindbrain Central Pattern Generator

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