Autopodial Development in the Sea Turtles Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta

Sánchez‐Villagra, Marcelo R.; Mitgutsch, Christian; Nagashima, Hiroshi; Kuratani, Shigeru

doi:10.2108/zsj.24.257

Cited by 26 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In a series of articles, Rieppel (e.g., 1992;1993a,b) documented and indicated that chondrification and ossification are decoupled phenomena, confirming this previous observation by de Beer (1937) and by later workers including ourselves (Sheil, 2005;Sá nchez-Villagra et al, 2007). Data presented here for P. sinensis confirms this pattern.…”

Section: The Limb Chondrification Patternsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Skeletal development in the Chinese soft‐shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis (Testudines: Trionychidae)

Sánchez‐Villagra

Müller

Sheil

et al. 2009

Journal of Morphology

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We investigated the development of the whole skeleton of the soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis, with particular emphasis on the pattern and sequence of ossification. Ossification starts at late Tokita-Kuratani stage (TK) 18 with the maxilla, followed by the dentary and prefrontal. The quadrate is the first endoskeletal ossification and appears at TK stage 22. All adult skull elements have started ossification by TK stage 25. Plastral bones are the first postcranial bones to ossify, whereas the nuchal is the first carapacial bone to ossify, appearing as two unstained anlagen. Extensive examination of ossification sequences among autopodial elements reveals much intraspecific variation. Patterns of ossification of cranial dermal elements are more variable than those of endochondral elements, and dermal elements ossify before endochondral ones. Differences in ossification sequences with Apalone spinifera include: in Pelodiscus sinensis the jugal develops relatively early and before the frontal, whereas it appears later in A. spinifera; the frontal appears shortly before the parietal in A. spinifera whereas in P. sinensis the parietal appears several stages before the frontal. Chelydrids exhibit an early development of the postorbital bone and the palatal elements as compared to trionychids. Integration of the onset of ossification data into an analysis of the sequence of skeletal ossification in cryptodirans using the event-pairing and Parsimov methods reveals heterochronies, some of which reflect the hypothesized phylogeny considered taxa. A functional interpretation of heterochronies is speculative. In the chondrocranium there is no contact between the nasal capsules and planum supraseptale via the sphenethmoid commissurae. The pattern of chondrification of forelimb and hind limb elements is consistent with a primary axis and digital arch. There is no evidence of anterior condensations distal to the radius and tibia. A pattern of quasi- simultaneity is seen in the chondrogenesis of the forelimb and the hind limb.

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Section: The Limb Chondrification Patternsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…We find no evidence of anterior condensations distal to the radius and the tibia, respectively, suggesting that the radiale and tibiale are absent, as in other turtles examined to date (Burke and Alberch, 1985;Sá nchez-Villagra et al, 2007;Sheil and Portik, 2008;Fabrezi et al, 2009).…”

Section: The Limb Chondrification Patterncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Skeletal development in the Chinese soft‐shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis (Testudines: Trionychidae)

Sánchez‐Villagra

Müller

Sheil

et al. 2009

Journal of Morphology

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“…The plesiomorphic phalangeal formula for crown turtles is probably 2-3-3-3-3 for both manus and pes (Sánchez-Villagra et al 2007;Delfino et al 2010). Although the phalangeal formula can be used to diagnose taxa, studies on recent species have shown that significant amounts of variation exist (e.g., Minx 1992;Delfino et al 2010).…”

Section: Parachelys Eichstaettensismentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the fossil record of turtles of the clade Thalassochelydia

Anquetin¹,

Püntener²,

Joyce³

2017

Preprint

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POSTPRINTThis is a postprint of the following peer-reviewed publication: AbstractThe Late Jurassic (Oxfordian to Tithonian) fossil record of Europe and South America has yielded a particularly rich assemblage of aquatic pan-cryptodiran turtles that are herein tentatively hypothesized to form a monophyletic group named Thalassochelydia. Thalassochelydians were traditionally referred to three families, Eurysternidae, Plesiochelyidae, and Thalassemydidae, but the current understanding of phylogenetic relationships is insufficient to support the monophyly of either group. Given their pervasive usage in the literature, however, these three names are herein retained informally. Relationships with marine turtles from the Cretaceous have been suggested in the past, but these hypotheses still lack strong character support. Thalassochelydians are universally found in near-shore marine sediments and show adaptations to aquatic habitats, but isotopic evidence hints at a broad spectrum of specializations ranging from freshwater aquatic to fully marine. A taxonomic review of the group concludes that of 68 named taxa, 27 are nomina valida, 18 are nomina invalida, 18 are nomina dubia, and 5 nomina oblita.

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“…Access to turtles was provided by a commercial vendor (Turtles and Tortoises, Brooksville, FL, USA (Sheil, 2003), T. scripta (Hall, 2000;Sheil and Portik, 2008), C. insculpta (Walther, 1921) and C. caretta (Wyneken, 2001;Sanchez-Villagra et al, 2007)]. …”

Section: Experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forelimb kinematics during swimming in the pig-nosed turtle,Carettochelys insculpta, compared with other turtle taxa: rowing versus flapping, convergence versus intermediacy

Rivera

Blob

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYAnimals that swim using appendages do so by way of rowing and/or flapping motions. Often considered discrete categories, rowing and flapping are more appropriately regarded as points along a continuum. The pig-nosed turtle, Carettochelys insculpta, is unusual in that it is the only freshwater turtle to have limbs modified into flippers and swim via synchronous forelimb motions that resemble dorsoventral flapping, traits that evolved independently from their presence in sea turtles. We used high-speed videography to quantify forelimb kinematics in C. insculpta and a closely related, highly aquatic rower (Apalone ferox). Comparisons of our new data with those previously collected for a generalized freshwater rower (Trachemys scripta) and a flapping sea turtle (Caretta caretta) allow us to: (1) more precisely quantify and characterize the range of limb motions used by flappers versus rowers, and (2) assess whether the synchronous forelimb motions of C. insculpta can be classified as flapping (i.e. whether they exhibit forelimb kinematics and angles of attack more similar to closely related rowing species or more distantly related flapping sea turtles). We found that the forelimb kinematics of previously recognized rowers (T. scripta and A. ferox) were most similar to each other, but that those of C. insculpta were more similar to rowers than to flapping C. caretta. Nevertheless, of the three freshwater species, C. insculpta was most similar to flapping C. caretta. ʻFlappingʼ in C. insculpta is achieved through humeral kinematics very different from those in C. caretta, with C. insculpta exhibiting significantly more anteroposterior humeral motion and protraction, and significantly less dorsoventral humeral motion and depression. Based on several intermediate kinematic parameters and angle of attack data, C. insculpta may in fact represent a synchronous rower or hybrid rower-flapper, suggesting that traditional views of C. insculpta as a flapper should be revised. Supplementary material available online at

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Autopodial Development in the Sea Turtles Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

Skeletal development in the Chinese soft‐shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis (Testudines: Trionychidae)

Skeletal development in the Chinese soft‐shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis (Testudines: Trionychidae)

A review of the fossil record of turtles of the clade Thalassochelydia

Forelimb kinematics during swimming in the pig-nosed turtle,Carettochelys insculpta, compared with other turtle taxa: rowing versus flapping, convergence versus intermediacy

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