Autophagy postpones apoptotic cell death in PRRSV infection through Bad-Beclin1 interaction

Zhou, Ao; Li, Shuaifeng; Khan, Faheem Ahmed; Zhang, Shujun

doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1131381

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…For instance, influenza A virus was documented to induce apoptosis in autophagy protein deficient cells [47]. Autophagy was also reported to postpone apoptotic cell death during porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection through Bad-Beclin1 interaction [48,49]. The interplay of autophagy and apoptosis during PEDV infection needs to be further elucidated for a better understanding of the autophagy mechanism by which PEDV benefits its infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Induces Autophagy to Benefit Its Replication

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2017

Viruses

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The new porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) has caused devastating economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Despite extensive research on the relationship between autophagy and virus infection, the concrete role of autophagy in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection has not been reported. In this study, autophagy was demonstrated to be triggered by the effective replication of PEDV through transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and Western blot analysis. Moreover, autophagy was confirmed to benefit PEDV replication by using autophagy regulators and RNA interference. Furthermore, autophagy might be associated with the expression of inflammatory cytokines and have a positive feedback loop with the NF-κB signaling pathway during PEDV infection. This work is the first attempt to explore the complex interplay between autophagy and PEDV infection. Our findings might accelerate our understanding of the pathogenesis of PEDV infection and provide new insights into the development of effective therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Induces Autophagy to Benefit Its Replication

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2017

Viruses

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“…A recent study by Benveunto et al has shown that SARS-CoV-2 induced mutations within the NSP6 protein, which in turn induced autophagosome formation by inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion ( 28 , 29 ). SARS-CoV-2 may take advantage of this autophagy mechanism, as the acidic pH required for endosome maturation also functions to release the virion at the appropriate site.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Diagnostics and Treatment

et al. 2020

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The emergence and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 has brought the world to a standstill. While less pathogenic than the 2002–2003 SARS-CoV, this novel betacoronavirus presents a global threat due to its high transmission rate, ability to invade multiple tissues, and ability to trigger immunological hyperactivation. The identification of the animal reservoir and intermediate host were important steps toward slowing the spread of disease, and its genetic similarity to SARS-CoV has helped to determine pathogenesis and direct treatment strategies. The exponential increase in cases has necessitated fast and reliable testing procedures. Although RT-PCR remains the gold standard, it is a time-consuming procedure, paving the way for newer techniques such as serologic tests and enzyme immunoassays. Various clinical trials using broad antiviral agents in addition to novel medications have produced controversial results; however, the advancement of immunotherapy, particularly monoclonal antibodies and immune modulators is showing great promise in clinical trials. Non-orthodox medications such as anti-malarials have been tested in multiple institutions but definitive conclusions are yet to be made. Adjuvant therapies have also proven to be effective in decreasing mortality in the disease course. While no formal guidelines have been established, the multitude of ongoing clinical trials as a result of unprecedented access to research data brings us closer to halting the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

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“…Recently, three additional research articles provided evidences that autophagy but also apoptosis are induced by PRRSV in host cells [ 61 , 62 , 64 ]. Wang and collaborators investigated apoptosis and autophagy activation in the thymus of piglets infected with the HP PRRSV strain because they previously showed that this virus leads to thymic atrophy and thymocyte apoptosis [ 61 ].…”

Section: Nidovirales and Autophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interaction between Nidovirales and Autophagy Components

Cong

Verlhac

Reggiori

2017

Viruses

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Autophagy is a conserved intracellular catabolic pathway that allows cells to maintain homeostasis through the degradation of deleterious components via specialized double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes. During the past decades, it has been revealed that numerous pathogens, including viruses, usurp autophagy in order to promote their propagation. Nidovirales are an order of enveloped viruses with large single-stranded positive RNA genomes. Four virus families (Arterividae, Coronaviridae, Mesoniviridae, and Roniviridae) are part of this order, which comprises several human and animal pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. In host cells, Nidovirales induce membrane rearrangements including autophagosome formation. The relevance and putative mechanism of autophagy usurpation, however, remain largely elusive. Here, we review the current knowledge about the possible interplay between Nidovirales and autophagy.

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Autophagy postpones apoptotic cell death in PRRSV infection through Bad-Beclin1 interaction

Cited by 30 publications

References 42 publications

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Induces Autophagy to Benefit Its Replication

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Induces Autophagy to Benefit Its Replication

SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Diagnostics and Treatment

The Interaction between Nidovirales and Autophagy Components

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