Autophagy Modulates Articular Cartilage Vesicle Formation in Primary Articular Chondrocytes

Rosenthal, Ann K.; Gohr, Claudia M.; Mitton-Fitzgerald, Elizabeth; Grewal, R. S.; Ninomiya, James T.; Coyne, Carolyn B.; Jackson, William T.

doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.630558

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Fusion with the plasma membrane results in releasing a vesicle (the inner membrane bound compartment of the former autophagosome) filled with infectious virions to the extracellular space. The secretory autophagy pathway is also exploited in uninfected cells to secrete IL1β [74,75], synuclein [76], amyloid β protein [77], bone morphogens and mineralizing agents [78] and even whole intact organelles, the latter in reticulocytes undergoing maturation into red blood cells [79]. Nevertheless, almost nothing is known regarding what molecular machinery regulates whether an autophagosome becomes degradative or secretory and how plasma membrane targeting and fusion is accomplished [74].…”

Section: Widespread Role For Membranes In Facilitating Non-lytic Viramentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Tales of Viral Replication and Transmission

Altan‐Bonnet

2017

Trends in Cell Biology

111

106

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Positive strand RNA viruses are the largest group of RNA viruses on the planet and include many human, animal and plant pathogens. Cellular membranes are key players in all aspects of their life cycle, from entry and replication to assembly and exit. In particular, membranes are virally harnessed to serve as platforms for replication and as carriers to transmit viruses to other cells either as the envelope of a single virus or as the vesicle transporting a population of viruses. Studies have revealed significant convergence among different viruses to utilize membranes with specific lipid blueprints for replication and transmission. For replication many animal/human viruses utilize membranes enriched phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate/cholesterol whereas many plant and insect-vectored animal viruses exploit ones with phosphatidylethanolamine/cholesterol. For transmission, phosphatidylserine enriched membranes are widely used as carriers for RNA and DNA viruses. Here we discuss the role of these membranes for viral pathogenesis and therapeutic development.

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Section: Widespread Role For Membranes In Facilitating Non-lytic Viramentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Tales of Viral Replication and Transmission

Altan‐Bonnet

2017

Trends in Cell Biology

111

106

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“…When the cellular microenvironment has nutritional deficiencies or is under hypoxic conditions, the signal of autophagy is significantly increased in chondrocytes. In normal chondrocytes, ACV contains the autophagy marker LC3-II, and the release of ACV is related to caspase-3 and the Rho/ROCK signal pathway [49], providing more evidence that ACV generation is associated with the autophagy mechanism and is simultaneously produced with autophagy.…”

Section: Relationship Between Ev and Autophagy In Oamentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles and Autophagy in Osteoarthritis

Gao

Guo

Chen

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of chronic joint disease that is characterized by the degeneration and loss of articular cartilage and hyperplasia of the synovium and subchondral bone. There is reasonable knowledge about articular cartilage physiology, biochemistry, and chondrocyte metabolism. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of OA remain unclear and need urgent clarification to guide the early diagnosis and treatment of OA. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-linking particles that are released from cells. In recent decades, several special biological properties have been found in EV, especially in terms of cartilage. Autophagy plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. Likewise, more and more research has gradually focused on the effect of autophagy on chondrocyte proliferation and function in OA. The synthesis and release of EV are closely associated with autophagy. At the same time, both EV and autophagy play a role in OA development. Based on the mechanism of EV and autophagy in OA development, EV may be beneficial in the early diagnosis of OA; on the other hand, the combination of EV and autophagy-related regulatory drugs may provide insight into possible OA therapeutic strategies.

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“…In smooth muscle cells forced to adopt an osteoblast-like phenotype, exosome-like vesicles are derived from multivesicular bodies in a process responsive to inflammatory cytokines[27]. We recently demonstrated that ACVs from primary articular chondrocytes are generated through the autophagic pathway [28 ■■ ]. Autophagy is the process through which internal cell contents are recycled in intracellular acidic vesicles.…”

Section: Articular Cartilage Vesicle Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a dynamic model, we showed that agents that induce autophagy increase ACVs numbers in the conditioned media of primary articular chondrocyte cultures. ACVs carry markers of autophagosomes and are externalized in a caspase-3-dependent process which is independent of apoptosis [28 ■■ ]. A role for membrane blebbing was illustrated by the ability of Rho associated protein kinase pathway inhibitors to reduce ACV externalization [28 ■■ ].…”

Section: Articular Cartilage Vesicle Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ACVs carry markers of autophagosomes and are externalized in a caspase-3-dependent process which is independent of apoptosis [28 ■■ ]. A role for membrane blebbing was illustrated by the ability of Rho associated protein kinase pathway inhibitors to reduce ACV externalization [28 ■■ ]. This pathway is the first identified pathway for ACV formation and release.…”

Section: Articular Cartilage Vesicle Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Articular cartilage vesicles and calcium crystal deposition diseases

Rosenthal

2016

Current Opinion in Rheumatology

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Purpose of review Articular cartilage vesicles (ACVs) are small extracellular vesicles that serve as foci of pathologic calcium crystal deposition in articular cartilage matrix. In this review, I have summarized the role of ACVs in calcium crystal formation and discuss recent findings that impact our understanding of the content, behavior, and origin of ACVs in healthy and diseased joints. The burgeoning interest in extracellular vesicles in other fields renders this a timely and relevant topic. Recent findings I have highlighted recent studies demonstrating that some ACVs originate in the autophagic pathway in healthy articular chondrocytes. I have reviewed accumulating evidence that nonmineralizing functions of ACVs contribute to osteoarthritis. I have also discussed new work supporting a role for extracellular vesicles in interleukin-1 β-induced mineralization and in mediating the catabolic effects of synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis. Summary We are making slow and steady progress in understanding the origin and function of ACVs and other relevant extracellular vesicles in arthritis. Further work in this interesting area is warranted.

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Autophagy Modulates Articular Cartilage Vesicle Formation in Primary Articular Chondrocytes

Cited by 32 publications

References 41 publications

Lipid Tales of Viral Replication and Transmission

Lipid Tales of Viral Replication and Transmission

Extracellular Vesicles and Autophagy in Osteoarthritis

Articular cartilage vesicles and calcium crystal deposition diseases

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