Autophagy in cancer metastasis

Mowers, Erin E.; Sharifi, Marina N.; Macleod, Kay F.

doi:10.1038/onc.2016.333

Cited by 394 publications

(380 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…Autophagy is generally considered as a mechanism of cellular protection. In addition, autophagy has also been shown to be involved in modulating cancer cell motility and invasion (Mowers, et al 2016). For example, autophagy could facilitates TLR3 and TLR4-triggered invasion of lung cancer cells (Zhan, et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α promotes endometrial stromal cells migration and invasion by upregulating autophagy in endometriosis

et al. 2017

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Endometriosis is a benign gynaecological disease which shares some characteristics with malignancy like migration and invasion. It has been reported that both Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) and autophagy were upregulated in ectopic endometrium of patients with ovarian endometriosis. However, the crosstalk between HIF-1α and autophagy in the pathogenesis of endometriosis remains to be clarified. Accordingly, we investigated whether autophagy was regulated by HIF-1α, as well as whether the effect of HIF-1α on cell migration and invasion is mediated through autophagy upregulation. Here, we found that ectopic endometrium from patients with endometriosis highly expressed HIF-1α and autophagy related protein LC3. In cultured human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs), autophagy was induced by hypoxia in a time dependent manner and autophagy activation was dependent on HIF-1α. In addition, migration and invasion ability of HESCs were enhanced by hypoxia treatment, whereas knockdown of HIF-1α attenuated this effect. Furthermore, inhibiting autophagy with specific inhibitors and Beclin1 siRNA attenuated hypoxia triggered migration and invasion of HESCs. Taken together, these results suggest that HIF-1α promotes HESCs invasion and metastasis by upregulating autophagy. Thus autophagy may be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and inhibition of autophagy might be a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of endometriosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α promotes endometrial stromal cells migration and invasion by upregulating autophagy in endometriosis

et al. 2017

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“…Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry [30][31][32], especially in cancer metastasis [33]. Therefore, our results are important for the understanding of autophagy abnormalities and RCC development and metastasis.…”

Section: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2 Promotes Cell Migration and Invasion of Renal Cell Carcinoma by Upregulating Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1 Expression

Guo

Gui

2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Reprogramming energy metabolism is an emerging hallmark of many cancers, and this alteration is especially evident in renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). However, few studies have been conducted on lipid metabolism. This study investigated the function and mechanism of lipid metabolism-related acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) in RCC development, cell migration and invasion. Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of ACSS2 in cancer tissue and adjacent tissue. The inhibition of ACSS2 expression was achieved by RNA interference, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by a CCK8 assay and a flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Cell migration and invasion were determined by the scratch and transwell assays. Following the knockdown of ACSS2 expression, the expression of the autophagy-related factor LAMP1 was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Results: Compared to adjacent tissues, ACSS2 expression was upregulated in RCC cancer tissues and positively correlated with metastasis. Inhibition of ACSS2 had no effect on RCC cell proliferation or apoptosis. However, decreased ACSS2 expression was found to inhibit RCC cell migration and invasion. ACSS2 was determined to promote the expression of LAMP1, which can also promote cell migration. This pathway may be considered a potential mechanism through which ACSS2 participates in RCC development. Conclusion: These data suggest that ACSS2 is an important factor for promoting RCC development and is essential for cell migration and invasion, which it promotes by increasing the expression of LAMP1. Taken together, these findings reveal a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.

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“…In addition, autophagy has novel non-canonical functions in secretion from the cell, cellular motility and transcription factor turnover, as has recently been reviewed elsewhere [11–13]. Since mitophagy is reliant on the general autophagy machinery for formation of the pre-initiation and initiation complexes, defects in mitophagy are epistatic to defects in general autophagy.…”

Section: Mechanics Of Mitophagy and Key Mitophagy Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding perspectives on the significance of mitophagy in cancer

Drake

Springer

Poole

et al. 2017

Seminars in Cancer Biology

145

116

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Mitophagy is a selective mode of autophagy in which mitochondria are specifically targeted for degradation at the autophagolysosome. Mitophagy is activated by stresses such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, DNA damage, inflammation and mitochondrial membrane depolarization and plays a role in maintaining mitochondrial integrity and function. Defects in mitophagy lead to mitochondrial dysfunction that can affect metabolic reprogramming in response to stress, alter cell fate determination and differentiation, which in turn affects disease incidence and etiology, including cancer. Here, we discuss how different mitophagy adaptors and modulators, including Parkin, BNIP3, BNIP3L, p62/SQSTM1 and OPTN, are regulated in response to physiological stresses and deregulated in cancers. Additionally, we explore how these different mitophagy control pathways coordinate with each other. Finally, we review new developments in understanding how mitophagy affects stemness, cell fate determination, inflammation and DNA damage responses that are relevant to understanding the role of mitophagy in cancer.

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Autophagy in cancer metastasis

Cited by 394 publications

References 182 publications

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α promotes endometrial stromal cells migration and invasion by upregulating autophagy in endometriosis

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α promotes endometrial stromal cells migration and invasion by upregulating autophagy in endometriosis

Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2 Promotes Cell Migration and Invasion of Renal Cell Carcinoma by Upregulating Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1 Expression

Expanding perspectives on the significance of mitophagy in cancer

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