Autophagy and apoptosis in starved and refedNeocaridina davidi(Crustacea, Malacostraca) midgut

Abstract

Adult specimens of the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi Bouvier, 1904 (Crustacea) were starved for 7, 14, and 21 days. Specimens from the first and second experimental group were collected for the studies. The majority of animals starved for 21 days died. Additionally, some specimens from each group were refed for 4, 7, and 14 days. The epithelium of the midgut, which is composed of the intestine and hepatopancreas, was analyzed. While the epithelium of the intestine is formed by D- and R-cells, the epithelium of the hepatopancreas has R-, B-, and F-cells. Autophagy and apoptosis in the midgut epithelium were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical methods. These processes were only observed in the D-cells of the intestine and the F- and B-cells of the hepatopancreas. Starvation led to a reduction in the amount of reserve material in the B-cells. Although this process activated autophagy in both regions of the midgut, the intestine and hepatopancreas, after refeeding, the level of autophagy decreased. Starvation caused an increase in the apoptotic cells in both organs, while the refeeding caused a decrease in the number of apoptotic cells in both organs analyzed. Refeeding after periods of starvation caused an accumulation of reserve material in the hepatopancreas.

Application of dielectric spectroscopy in the dynamically changing biological system – case of Neocaridina davidi shrimp starvation

“…Until now, many works related to the physiological, biochemical and histological changes during starvation of crustaceans have been published [3][4][5][6][7]. The results presented in this works are directly related to the earlier works describing ultrastructural changes in the midgut of N. davidi during starvation [8][9][10]. In the cited works, the average time of starvation after which regeneration of shrimps is impossible has been obtained.…”

“…Other studies indicated that the intensity of autophagy and apoptosis has also increased, which may indicate that it is a part of survival strategy. Moreover, after 14 days of refeeding, the apoptosis level was found to be lower than in the control group [9]. Starvation is causing oxidative stress in living organisms.…”

“…It is clear that when the organism is in the starvation period, the composition of cytosol is changing [18][19][20]. In the work [9] authors have shown that in the cells group respectively. The most pronounced -relaxation peak has been observed in 3-day group and in the group after regeneration.…”

“…However the question arises, what is the origin of observed changes in conductivity and electrode polarization behavior during the experiment. To address this question we will refer to ultrastructural changes occurring in the digestive system during starvation, which were earlier described [9]. The changes in low frequencies are related to the changes in ionic transport through the body of a shrimp.…”

Peer Review #1 of "Relationship between ROS production, MnSOD activation and periods of fasting and re-feeding in freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Crustacea, Malacostraca) (v0.1)"

“…Therefore the processes related to the survival strategy during exposure to starvation are observed primarily in this organ. Long-term periods of starvation can cause numerous changes at the physiological, biochemical and molecular levels which lead to increased ability to survive (Wilczek et al, 2014;Lipovšek et al, , 2018Włodarczyk et al, 2017Włodarczyk et al, , 2019. Starvation can affect and damage many organelles, including the mitochondria (Ratcliffe and King, 1969;Włodarczyk et al, 2017), which are responsible for e.g.…”