Autophagosome Formation: Cutting the Gordian Knot at the ER

Bissa, Bhawana; Deretić, Vojo

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.015

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…ULK1 activation leads to FIP200 and Atg13 phosphorylation, causing the assembly of the ULK1-Atg13-FIP200-Atg101 complex, which in turn triggers class III PI3K complex formation. The subsequent PI3-phosphate enrichment leads to formation of the endoplasmic reticulum cradle, from which an IM grows ( Bissa and Deretic, 2018 ). The IM can be also originated from other sources ( Figure 1 ) and forms a cup-shaped structure termed the phagophore that recruits autophagy (Atg)-related proteins ( Dikic and Elazar, 2018 ).…”

Section: The Autophagy-lysosomal Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Role of Basal Autophagy in Adult Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis

Casares-Crespo

Calatayud-Baselga

García-Corzo

et al. 2018

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Adult neurogenesis persists in the adult mammalian brain due to the existence of neural stem cell (NSC) reservoirs in defined niches, where they give rise to new neurons throughout life. Recent research has begun to address the implication of constitutive (basal) autophagy in the regulation of neurogenesis in the mature brain. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of autophagy-related genes in modulating adult NSCs, progenitor cells and their differentiation into neurons. The general function of autophagy in neurogenesis in several areas of the embryonic forebrain is also revisited. During development, basal autophagy regulates Wnt and Notch signaling and is mainly required for adequate neuronal differentiation. The available data in the adult indicate that the autophagy-lysosomal pathway regulates adult NSC maintenance, the activation of quiescent NSCs, the survival of the newly born neurons and the timing of their maturation. Future research is warranted to validate the results of these pioneering studies, refine the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of NSCs and newborn neurons by autophagy throughout the life-span of mammals and provide significance to the autophagic process in adult neurogenesis-dependent behavioral tasks, in physiological and pathological conditions. These lines of research may have important consequences for our understanding of stem cell dysfunction and neurogenic decline during healthy aging and neurodegeneration.

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Section: The Autophagy-lysosomal Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Role of Basal Autophagy in Adult Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis

Casares-Crespo

Calatayud-Baselga

García-Corzo

et al. 2018

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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“…The autophagic pathway starts by confinement of materials of cytoplasm within a double‐membraned, non‐degradative vesicle known as autophagosome , subjected to subsequent fusions with lysosome generates autolysosome considered as the organelle into which the autophagic content is undergoing degradation and releasing in the cytoplasm for recycling 10 . The biosynthesis of autophagosomes continues via three reorganization steps: (a) the initiation , a unique membrane trafficking process whereby the autophagic machinery is targeted to membrane source sites (the origins of phagophore membranes) to assemble a pre‐autophagosome membrane, followed by (b) the nucleation of a lipid‐based structure of the precursor membrane “isolation membrane” or “phagophore,” which is thought to occur at the site as a contact point between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, 11 the expansion and sealing of the vesicle to surround autophagic cargoes; By (c) elongation the phagophore into a cup‐shaped structure, and closure of the open end of the cup‐shaped membrane 12 …”

Section: Autophagy: Functions and Molecular Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential mechanisms of autophagy in cancer stem cells: Emphasizing gastrointestinal cancers

El‐Gowily

Abosheasha

2020

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are one of the most common forms of malignancies and still are the most important cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic pathway involving lysosomal degradation and recycling of whole cellular components, which is essential for cellular homeostasis. For instance, it acts as a pivotal intracellular quality control and repair mechanism but also implicated in cell reformation during cell differentiation and development. Indeed, GI cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for tumour initiation, traditional therapies resistance, metastasis and tumour recurrence. Molecular mechanisms of autophagy in normal vs CSCs gain great interest worldwide. Here, we shed light on the role of autophagy in normal stem cells differentiation for embryonic progression and its role in maintaining the activity and self‐renewal capacity of CSCs which offer novel viewpoints on promising cancer therapeutic strategies based on the differential roles of autophagy in CSCs.

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“…LC3 is a central protein in autophagy and crucial for autophagosome biogenesis, hence LC3 is also used as a marker of autophagosome formation. During autophagosome formation, LC3 is hydrolyzed by ATG proteins and binds phosphatidylethanolamine [66]. This conjugated compound called LC3-II is believed to be involved in the expansion of autophagosome membrane and to be necessary for the fusion events taking place thereafter [67,68].…”

Section: Autophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphingolipid/Ceramide Pathways and Autophagy in the Onset and Progression of Melanoma: Novel Therapeutic Targets and Opportunities

Lai

Rocca

Amato

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Melanoma is a malignant tumor deriving from neoplastic transformation of melanocytes. The incidence of melanoma has increased dramatically over the last 50 years. It accounts for most cases of skin cancer deaths. Early diagnosis leads to remission in 90% of cases of melanoma; conversely, for melanoma at more advanced stages, prognosis becomes more unfavorable also because dvanced melanoma is often resistant to pharmacological and radiological therapies due to genetic plasticity, presence of cancer stem cells that regenerate the tumor, and efficient elimination of drugs. This review illustrates the role of autophagy in tumor progression and resistance to therapy, focusing on molecular targets for future drugs.

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Autophagosome Formation: Cutting the Gordian Knot at the ER

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

On the Role of Basal Autophagy in Adult Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis

On the Role of Basal Autophagy in Adult Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis

Differential mechanisms of autophagy in cancer stem cells: Emphasizing gastrointestinal cancers

Sphingolipid/Ceramide Pathways and Autophagy in the Onset and Progression of Melanoma: Novel Therapeutic Targets and Opportunities

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