Autonomy Over Smoking Scale

Does progression through the stages of physical addiction indicate increasing overall addiction to tobacco?

“…These data suggest that different manifestations of tobacco addiction (physical, psychological, and behavioral) develop in parallel, suggesting a common shared mechanism. This theory is supported by the strong correlations previously reported between the AUTOS subscales measuring withdrawal, cue-induced urges to smoke, and psychological dependence (DiFranza et al 2009). …”

“…It contained items related to (1) demographics; (2) smoking behavior, including information about current and lifetime cigarette consumption, lifetime duration of smoking, the duration of the longest period of complete abstinence; (3) the psychological and behavioral symptoms related to feeling a need to smoke when deprived of nicotine (e.g., "If I know I am going to be in a situation where I can't smoke, I will smoke extra to prepare myself. "); (4) smoking experiences; (5) the HONC ; (6) the AUTOS (DiFranza et al 2009); and (7) the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND); (DiFranza et al 2009;Heatherton et al 1991;.…”

“…Response options for each of these statements were: describes me not at all, describes me a little, describes me pretty well, and describes me very well. For these items, the standard dichotomized scoring option was used with the break between 'not at all' and the three response options indicating that the symptom had been experienced (DiFranza et al 2009). …”

“…The AUTOS is a 12-item scale that measures current symptoms of diminished autonomy over tobacco use. It too is valid and reliable with adults (DiFranza et al 2009;Morello et al 2011). The FTND is a 6-item scale that is used frequently as a measure of nicotine dependence in adults (Heatherton et al 1991).…”

Kunnen kinderen symptomen van nicotineafhankelijkheid ontwikkelen door blootstelling aan omgevingsrook?

“…De antwoorden werden hergecodeerd tot 0 (nooit) of 1 (soms, regelmatig, vaak, heel vaak) en opgeteld tot een somscore (variërend van 0 tot 4). Bij rokers is aangetoond dat het aantal en de intensiteit van de gerapporteerde symptomen van de AUTOS gerelateerd is aan de hoeveelheid gerookte sigaretten per dag en andere maten van tabaksgebruik (DiFranza et al 2009). …”