Autonomous Temporal Probability Concentration: Clockworks and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Emanuel, Schwarzhans,; Lock, Maximilian P. E.; Erker, Paul; Friis, Nicolai; Huber, Marcus

doi:10.1103/physrevx.11.011046

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…From a quantum mechanical perspective, these operations can be interpreted as measurements of some observables of a physical system. Models of quantum computation involve this notion [1,2], but a variety of different approaches are present in the literature: from random access codes (RACs) [3][4][5][6][7][8], to classical simulations of quantum contextuality [9,10], quantum simulation of stochastic processes [11][12][13], purity certification [14], and timekeeping devices [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal correlations in the simplest measurement sequences

Vieira

Budroni

2022

Quantum

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We investigate temporal correlations in the simplest measurement scenario, i.e., that of a physical system on which the same measurement is performed at different times, producing a sequence of dichotomic outcomes. The resource for generating such sequences is the internal dimension, or memory, of the system. We characterize the minimum memory requirements for sequences to be obtained deterministically, and numerically investigate the probabilistic behavior below this memory threshold, in both classical and quantum scenarios. A particular class of sequences is found to offer an upper-bound for all other sequences, which suggests a nontrivial universal upper-bound of 1/e for the classical probability of realization of any sequence below this memory threshold. We further present evidence that no such nontrivial bound exists in the quantum case.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal correlations in the simplest measurement sequences

Vieira

Budroni

2022

Quantum

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“…Pure states appear as ubiquitous idealisations in quantum information processing and preparing them with high fidelity is essential for quantum technologies such as reliable quantum communication [1,2], high-precision quantum parameter estimation [3][4][5], and fault-tolerant quantum computation [6,7]. Fundamentally, pure states are prerequisites for ideal measurements [8] and precise timekeeping [9]. To answer the above question, one could turn to Landauer's principle, stating that erasing a bit of information has an energy cost of at least k B T log(2) [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landauer vs. Nernst: What is the True Cost of Cooling a Quantum System?

Taranto

Bakhshinezhad

Bluhm

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Thermodynamics connects our knowledge of the world to our capability to manipulate and thus to control it. This crucial role of control is exemplified by the third law of thermodynamics, Nernst's unattainability principle, stating that infinite resources are required to cool a system to absolute zero temperature. But what are these resources? And how does this relate to Landauer's principle that famously connects information and thermodynamics? We answer these questions by providing a framework for identifying the resources that enable the creation of pure quantum states. We show that perfect cooling is possible with Landauer energy cost given infinite time or control complexity. Within the context of resource theories of quantum thermodynamics, we derive a Carnot-Landauer limit, along with protocols for its saturation. This generalises Landauer's principle to a fully thermodynamic setting, leading to a unification with the third law and emphasising the importance of control in quantum thermodynamics.

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“…All clocks are constrained by the laws of thermodynamics that limit their stability and accuracy [5]. Recently a universal limitation related to the rate of entropy production in both classical and quantum clocks has been identified [6][7][8][9][10][11]. A recent experiment based on a nanomechanical oscillator has demonstrated this in the classical domain [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum clock precision studied with a superconducting circuit

He¹,

Pakkiam²,

Gangat³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We demonstrate a quantum clock, near zero temperature, driven in part by entropy reduction through measurement, and necessarily subject to quantum noise. The experimental setup is a superconducting transmon qubit dispersively coupled to an open co-planar resonator. The cavity and qubit are driven by coherent fields and the cavity output is monitored with a quantum noise-limited amplifier. When the continuous measurement is weak, it induces sustained coherent oscillations (with fluctuating period) in the conditional moments. Strong continuous measurement leads to an incoherent cycle of quantum jumps. Both regimes constitute a clock with a signal extracted from the observed measurement current. This signal is analysed to demonstrate the relation between clock period noise and dissipated power for measurement driven quantum clocks. We show that a good clock requires high rates of energy dissipation and entropy generation.

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Autonomous Temporal Probability Concentration: Clockworks and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Cited by 19 publications

References 29 publications

Temporal correlations in the simplest measurement sequences

Temporal correlations in the simplest measurement sequences

Landauer vs. Nernst: What is the True Cost of Cooling a Quantum System?

Quantum clock precision studied with a superconducting circuit

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