Autonomous surface and underwater vehicles reveal new discoveries in the Arctic Ocean

Camus, Lionel; Pedersen, Geir; Falk‐Petersen, Stig; Dunlop, Katherine M.; Daase, Malin; Basedow, Sünnje Linnéa; Bandara, Kanchana; Tverberg, Vigdis; Pederick, Joel; Peddie, David; Langeland, Tor; Cook, Jeremy; Kristiansen, Trond; Tjostheim, Sigurd; Graves, Inger; Fietzek, Peer; Sperrevik, Ann-Kristin; Christensen, Kai Håkon; Sørensen, Kai; Ghaffari, Peygham; Gramvik, Geir; Hayes, Daniel R.; Tassara, Luca; Aniceto, Sofia; Aune, Magnus; Dahle, S.

doi:10.1109/oceanse.2019.8867181

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In this paper, we present the project concept and review some of the initial results achieved after a six-month deployment along the LoVe shelf-slope. These findings, initially presented at the OCEAN 2019 conference (Marseille, 17-20 June) [21] are expanded here and demonstrate the cost-efficient, long-term, low invasive, and autonomous monitoring and research capabilities of gliders in collecting high-quality environmental and biological data simultaneously. Together, gliders and other autonomous robotic seafloor infrastructure offer unique ecosystem monitoring capabilities for the LoVe region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Current and future ocean-based value creation depends on sustainable use of the ocean's resources for which environmental monitoring and research are fundamental [20]. There is a need to gain knowledge about the LoVe ecosystem to develop appropriate management approaches to ensure environmental quality, business sustainability [12,21], and good governance. Building this knowledge requires additional and persistent data collection that cannot rely solely on sampling by traditional vessels due to practical and economic reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autonomous Surface and Underwater Vehicles as Effective Ecosystem Monitoring and Research Platforms in the Arctic—The Glider Project

Camus

Andrade

Aniceto

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Effective ocean management requires integrated and sustainable ocean observing systems enabling us to map and understand ecosystem properties and the effects of human activities. Autonomous subsurface and surface vehicles, here collectively referred to as “gliders”, are part of such ocean observing systems providing high spatiotemporal resolution. In this paper, we present some of the results achieved through the project “Unmanned ocean vehicles, a flexible and cost-efficient offshore monitoring and data management approach—GLIDER”. In this project, three autonomous surface and underwater vehicles were deployed along the Lofoten–Vesterålen (LoVe) shelf-slope-oceanic system, in Arctic Norway. The aim of this effort was to test whether gliders equipped with novel sensors could effectively perform ecosystem surveys by recording physical, biogeochemical, and biological data simultaneously. From March to September 2018, a period of high biological activity in the area, the gliders were able to record a set of environmental parameters, including temperature, salinity, and oxygen, map the spatiotemporal distribution of zooplankton, and record cetacean vocalizations and anthropogenic noise. A subset of these parameters was effectively employed in near-real-time data assimilative ocean circulation models, improving their local predictive skills. The results presented here demonstrate that autonomous gliders can be effective long-term, remote, noninvasive ecosystem monitoring and research platforms capable of operating in high-latitude marine ecosystems. Accordingly, these platforms can record high-quality baseline environmental data in areas where extractive activities are planned and provide much-needed information for operational and management purposes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Surface and Underwater Vehicles as Effective Ecosystem Monitoring and Research Platforms in the Arctic—The Glider Project

Camus

Andrade

Aniceto

et al. 2021

Sensors

Self Cite

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“…The survey was conducted as a case study in the Tromsøflaket area, a bank north of the northern Norwegian Sea (70˚ N). We deployed nets and trawls from a research vessel while an autonomous surface vehicle equipped with a broadband echosounder surveyed the same region (Camus et al, 2019). We also tested the applicability of using theoretical scattering models (Chu and Ye, 1999;Khodabandeloo et al, 2021) to reduce the data and biological samples were collected at 11 stations to estimate zooplankton and fish composition, density, and vertical distribution (Stations 7 to 17; Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse method applied to autonomous broadband hydroacoustic survey detects higher densities of zooplankton in near-surface aggregations than vessel-based net survey

Dunn

Pedersen

Basedow

et al. 2023

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Throughout all oceans, aggregations of zooplankton and ichthyoplankton appear as horizontal sound scattering layers (SSLs) when detected with active acoustic techniques. Quantifying the composition and density of these layers is prone to sampling biases. We conducted a net and trawl survey of the epipelagic fauna in northern Norway (70˚N) in June 2018 while an autonomous surface vehicle equipped with a broadband echosounder (283-383 kHz) surveyed the same region. Densities from the autonomous hydroacoustic survey were calculated using forward estimates from the relative density from the net and trawl, and inversion estimates with statistical data-fitting. All four methods (net, trawl, acoustic forward and inverse methods) identified that copepods dominated the epipelagic SSL, while pteropods, amphipods and fish larvae were present in low densities. The density estimates calculated with the inverse method were higher for mobile zooplankton, such as euphausiid larvae, than with the other methods. We concluded that the inverse method applied to broadband autonomous acoustic surveys can improve density estimates of epipelagic organisms by diminishing avoidance biases and increasing the spatio-temporal resolution of ship-based surveys.

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“…The employment of surface and underwater gliders in the study of environmental phenomena is nowadays consolidated (Camus et al, 2019). Several long-endurance, green energy surface vehicles are available on the market, e.g., Liquid Robotics' Wave Glider (Manley and Willcox, 2010), Offshore Sensing' SailBuoy (Fer and Peddie, 2013), AutoNaut (Johnston and Poole, 2017), and L3 Technologies' C-Enduro (L3 Technologies, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Validation of a Course Control System for a Wave-Propelled Unmanned Surface Vehicle

Dallolio¹,

Øveraas²,

Alfredsen³

et al. 2022

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Unlike common marine vessels, wave-propelled vehicles cannot directly control their speed, but rely instead on the forces exerted by the environment to navigate as intended. The unique navigation capabilities of such vehicles motivate the study of control solutions that adapt the vehicle heading to the prevailing environmental conditions and ensure robust course-keeping performances across different sea states, winds, and currents over extended periods of time. This article presents the design and experimental validation of a path following and course control system for an underactuated, wave-propelled unmanned surface vehicle (USV). The major focus and novelty of this work stands in the analysis of the model nonlinearities that appear when the vehicle propulsion force does not prevail on the wind and sea current forces generated by the environment. In these situations, low maneuverability is experienced depending on the magnitude of counteracting forces and, in some cases, loss of controllability is a risk. Initial investigation of the vehicle’s nonlinear dynamics is followed by derivation of a simplified quasilinear mathematical model that isolates the major source of nonlinearity. This provides a basis for the control design, the theory of which is supported and validated by extensive field experiments. In particular, when the USV’s ground speed is close to zero, the theory shows singularities in the model that lead to instabilities and loss of controllability of the course over ground that is experienced in the field. Our test results verify that an effective solution is to switch to heading control when the ground speed is small.

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Autonomous surface and underwater vehicles reveal new discoveries in the Arctic Ocean

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Autonomous Surface and Underwater Vehicles as Effective Ecosystem Monitoring and Research Platforms in the Arctic—The Glider Project

Autonomous Surface and Underwater Vehicles as Effective Ecosystem Monitoring and Research Platforms in the Arctic—The Glider Project

Inverse method applied to autonomous broadband hydroacoustic survey detects higher densities of zooplankton in near-surface aggregations than vessel-based net survey

Design and Validation of a Course Control System for a Wave-Propelled Unmanned Surface Vehicle

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