Autonomous magnetic microbots for environmental remediation developed by organic waste derived carbon dots

Shivalkar, Saurabh; Gautam, Pavan Kumar; Verma, Arushi; Maurya, Krishna Kumar; Sk, Palashuddin; Samanta, Sintu Kumar; Sahoo, Amaresh Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113322

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The as-synthesized C-Dots were characterized by various analytical techniques. A peak in the UV–vis spectrum was visible at 235 nm, which may be related to the n-π* transition (Figure S1) as corroborated by a previous study . When excited by 365 nm UV light, the fluorescence spectrum displayed a blue emission peak at 438 nm (Figure S2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The probable mechanism for the degradation is the generation of hydroxyl radicals ( ● OH) in the presence of bots. The Cdots/Fe 3 O 4 -containing microbot has the potential for the generation of hydroxyl radicals ( ● OH) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. ,, Thus, the catalytic pesticide degradation is started by the attack of hydroxyl radicals. The LC–MS measurements of treated pesticides with microbot/H 2 O 2 fuel confirmed the degradation of profenofos and 2,4-DCP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since C-Dots are extremely water-soluble (i.e., polar), to develop microbots that are stable during their propulsion in the aqueous medium, oleic acid (i.e., nonpolar) was used as a stabilizing agent of iron oxide nanoparticles. The optimum ratio for C-Dots to oleic acid stabilized iron oxide NPs was employed for the development of the bots based on our previous studies . Later, to incorporate the self-destructing properties into the bots, a thermosensitive polymer Pluronic-F127 was added to bots at its standard gel formation condition (as per the previous reports), i.e., 20% w/v.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Programmed Logic Operation-Based Controlled Movement of Self-Destructive Microbots for Toxic Pesticide Degradation

Shivalkar,

Yadav,

Tauheed

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

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To foster the locomotion of micro/nanobots in dynamic environmental conditions, it is essential to design a bot that is adaptable and effective in harsh circumstances; hence, this could also be apt for real-life applications. Moreover, it would be advantageous to control the autonomous propulsion of the bot in the form of Boolean logic expression using stimuli such as pH, temperature, viscosity, and fuel concentration. The present microbot made of carbon dots, iron-oxide nanoparticles, and a thermosensitive polymer showed programmable propulsion, either cascading multiple or individual logic gate propulsion, while different combinations (two systems and three systems) of these stimuli were preserved in the medium. As a proof-of-concept, the designed bots were effectively used for the degradation of hazardous pesticides in the aqueous medium, as these pesticides present a huge concern for human health and the environment. Interestingly, the fate of the bots could also be monitored, as they are reusable after magnetic separation or they self-destruct, depending on the temperature of the medium, due to the presence of a thermosensitive polymer. Therefore, it is deemed that low cytotoxicity, economical precursors, and the large distance swimming ability in harsh environments would make these bots viable options for water treatment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Programmed Logic Operation-Based Controlled Movement of Self-Destructive Microbots for Toxic Pesticide Degradation

Shivalkar,

Yadav,

Tauheed

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

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“…1 ). To realize self-propulsion, reliable fabrication methods are needed to induce asymmetry in the material’s structure, allowing it to break the symmetry of a local field and ‘swim’ 27 – 30 (Table 1 ). Therefore, depending on the motion mechanism, micro- and nanorobots can be classified as fuel-driven or externally driven 31 (Fig.…”

Section: From Materials To Robotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of micro and nanorobots used for water purification from organic molecules are assessed by their ability to remove or degrade dyes such as methylene blue and rhodamine B 30,[118][119][120] . However, these robots are also effective against more persistent and toxic pollutants, including chemical warfare agents 106 , phenolic 121,122 and nitroaromatic compounds 123,124 , antibiotics 125,126 , hormones 127 and psychoactive sub stances 128 .…”

Section: Organic Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart micro- and nanorobots for water purification

2023

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Less than 1% of Earth’s freshwater reserves is accessible. Industrialization, population growth and climate change are further exacerbating clean water shortage. Current water-remediation treatments fail to remove most pollutants completely or release toxic by-products into the environment. The use of self-propelled programmable micro- and nanoscale synthetic robots is a promising alternative way to improve water monitoring and remediation by overcoming diffusion-limited reactions and promoting interactions with target pollutants, including nano- and microplastics, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, oils and pathogenic microorganisms. This Review introduces the evolution of passive micro- and nanomaterials through active micro- and nanomotors and into advanced intelligent micro- and nanorobots in terms of motion ability, multifunctionality, adaptive response, swarming and mutual communication. After describing removal and degradation strategies, we present the most relevant improvements in water treatment, highlighting the design aspects necessary to improve remediation efficiency for specific contaminants. Finally, open challenges and future directions are discussed for the real-world application of smart micro- and nanorobots.

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Smart Photocatalysts in Water Remediation

Serrà

2022

Photocatalysts and Electrocatalysts in Water Remediation

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Autonomous magnetic microbots for environmental remediation developed by organic waste derived carbon dots

Cited by 24 publications

References 39 publications

Programmed Logic Operation-Based Controlled Movement of Self-Destructive Microbots for Toxic Pesticide Degradation

Programmed Logic Operation-Based Controlled Movement of Self-Destructive Microbots for Toxic Pesticide Degradation

Smart micro- and nanorobots for water purification

Smart Photocatalysts in Water Remediation

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