Autonomous early detection of eye disease in childhood photographs

Munson, Micheal C.; Plewman, Devon L.; Baumer, Katelyn M.; Henning, Ryan; Zahler, Collin T.; Kietzman, Alexander T.; Beard, Alexandra A.; Mukai, Sonoyo; Diller, Lisa; Hamerly, Greg; Shaw, Bryan F.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax6363

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It has been reported[ 23 ]for more than 90% of leukocoria cases that the family firstly noticed the presence of white pupils in photographs. Munson et al [ 46 ] dealt with a tool based on red reflex of the pupils that could provide to parents the detection of leukocoria earlier. They presented a novel application for smartphones, the CRADLE, which can be downloaded for free and allows early detection of leukocoria.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the red reflex: An overview for the pediatrician

Toli¹,

Perente²,

Labiris³

2021

WJM

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BACKGROUND Red reflex test (RRT) is a simple, non-invasive method that can be performed easily by pediatricians during the clinical examination in neonatal period, infancy and childhood. Abnormal reflexes can lead to prompt diagnosis of several ocular disorders, with potentially severe consequences on patient’s vision, cognitive function and even life. AIM To underline the contribution of pediatricians to early detection of vision and life threatening diseases by using RRT effectively. METHODS For the present systematic review, PubMed searches were performed using the key words “red reflex and newborn”; “red reflex and neonate”; “red reflex and complications”; “red reflex and necessity”; “red reflex and retinoblastoma”; “red reflex and congenital cataract”; “red reflex and glaucoma”; “red reflex and prematurity”; “red reflex and leukocoria”; “red reflex and blindness”; “red reflex sensitivity and specificity”; “red reflex and differential diagnosis”; “red reflex and guidelines”. The relevant articles were selected without language restrictions. When a full-text publication was not available, their English abstracts were used. In some cases, studies from the reference lists of the selected articles provided useful information. The research took place in September 2020, in the Ophthalmology Department of University Hospital of Alexandroupolis. RESULTS A total of 45 articles were selected according to the used key words. After reviewing data from these articles, it is supported that red reflex remains an effective tool of undeniable importance for early detection of severe eye conditions, such as cataract, retinoblastoma, retinopathy of prematurity and glaucoma. Although literature reports some limitations of RRT, including a notable percentage of false positive tests, the inability to detect small, peripheral retinoblastomas and the lower sensitivity for posterior segment pathology, it is widely accepted that the benefits from the regular evaluation of the test on public health are significant. Therefore, RRT has been established by international guidelines and should be an essential component of pediatricians clinical practice. Red reflex implementation should be incorporated in pediatricians educational programs, so that they would be able to provide quality services and safe diagnoses. CONCLUSION The implementation of RRT should be encouraged in all neonatal/pediatric departments. Prompt education of pediatricians should be empowered in order to achieve careful vision screening, according to current guidelines.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the red reflex: An overview for the pediatrician

Toli¹,

Perente²,

Labiris³

2021

WJM

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“…In particular, when the matrix J in Eq. ( 8 ) has a sparse structure, the accuracy of the solution is improved 21 . To check the sparseness of our formulated problem, we examine the value of all components of J in Eq.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their main strategy is to focus on solving particular combinatorial optimization problems, which can be transformed into an Ising model. Examples of the specialized hardware include the Coherent Ising Machine provided by NTT Corporation 20 , 21 , the Simulated Bifurcation Machine by Toshiba Corporation 22 , and the Digital Annealer by Fujitsu Corporation 23 , 24 . Among them, the Quantum Annealer 2000Q from D-Wave Systems Inc. has been attracting much attention for its being the world’s first hardware implementation of quantum annealing 25 using a quantum processor unit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic signal optimization on a square lattice with quantum annealing

Inoue

Okada

Matsumori

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The spread of intelligent transportation systems in urban cities has caused heavy computational loads, requiring a novel architecture for managing large-scale traffic. In this study, we develop a method for globally controlling traffic signals arranged on a square lattice by means of a quantum annealing machine, namely the D-Wave quantum annealer. We first formulate a signal optimization problem that minimizes the imbalance of traffic flows in two orthogonal directions. Then we reformulate this problem as an Ising Hamiltonian, which is compatible with quantum annealers. The new control method is compared with a conventional local control method for a large 50-by-50 city, and the results exhibit the superiority of our global control method in suppressing traffic imbalance over wide parameter ranges. Furthermore, the solutions to the global control method obtained with the quantum annealing machine are better than those obtained with conventional simulated annealing. In addition, we prove analytically that the local and the global control methods converge at the limit where cars have equal probabilities for turning and going straight. These results are verified with numerical experiments.

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“…12 With the advent of new technologies, however, improved methodology in smartphone-based applications and artificial intelligence can enhance the detection of RB. Many smartphone applications, such as MDEyeCare 13 and CRADLE 13,14 for RB screening, Peek Acuity 15,16 for visual acuity screening, and GoCheckKids 17 for amblyopia screening in children aged 1 to 6 years, have shown great promise in helping primary care physicians make more informed referrals. While these applications still require further development to improve sensitivity across all pediatric age groups, they have the potential to become useful screening tools for common pediatric ocular conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Red Reflex: Etiologies in a Pediatric Ophthalmology Population

Lin

Yen

Zhu

et al. 2020

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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Children who present with an abnormal red reflex (ARR) are often referred to ophthalmology due to concern for retinoblastoma. However, an ARR can indicate a wide variety of pathologies, all of which have the potential to develop amblyopia and irreversible vision loss. In this retrospective cohort study, we demonstrate that children who presented with an ARR had a mean age of 22.0 ± 32.5 months and were more frequently referred by their pediatricians (74.5%). The majority of these patients (61.8%) had a normal examination on further evaluation, followed by refractive error (20.4%). Amblyopia was diagnosed in 83.9% of patients with refractive error, with a mean age of 50.3 ± 49.2 months. Because many ARR-associated pathologies require time-sensitive treatment to prevent vision loss, proper screening is critical for diagnosis. Pediatricians play a key role in screening, so education on more common ARR pathologies can better facilitate referrals and improve outcomes.

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Autonomous early detection of eye disease in childhood photographs

Cited by 30 publications

References 46 publications

Evaluation of the red reflex: An overview for the pediatrician

Evaluation of the red reflex: An overview for the pediatrician

Traffic signal optimization on a square lattice with quantum annealing

Abnormal Red Reflex: Etiologies in a Pediatric Ophthalmology Population

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