Autonomous and Lagrangian Ocean Observations for Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Studies and Forecasts

Goñi, Gustavo; Todd, Robert E.; Jayne, Steven R.; Halliwell, George R.; Glenn, Scott; Dong, Jianwen; Curry, Ruth; Domingues, Ricardo; Bringas, Francis; Centurioni, Luca; DiMarco, Steven F.; Miles, Travis; Morell, Julio M.; Pomales, Luis; Kim, Hyun‐Sook; Robbins, Paul E.; Gawarkiewicz, Glen; Wilkin, John; Heiderich, Joleen; Baltes, Becky; Cione, Joseph J.; Seroka, Greg; Knee, Kelly; Sanabia, Elizabeth R.

doi:10.5670/oceanog.2017.227

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Thus, sustained deployment of gliders at locations prone to TCs or ECs (e.g., Domingues et al, 2015;Glenn et al, 2016;Perry et al, 2017) or along oceanic boundaries as part of boundary current observing systems (Todd et al, 2018(Todd et al, , 2019Testor et al, 2019) is preferable. Compared to rapid response deployments (e.g., Miles et al, 2015;Goni et al, 2017), sustained glider surveillance has the distinct advantage of providing critical high-resolution observations in the open ocean and over the continental shelf prior to storm arrival; these observations have been shown to improve the representation of the ocean in operational coupled forecast models of hurricane intensity (e.g., Dong et al, 2017). Most underwater glider data collected in support of Atlantic Hurricane studies and forecasts are transmitted in real-time to the GTS and U.S.…”

Section: Underwater Glidersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean Observations in Support of Studies and Forecasts of Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones

et al. 2019

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Over the past decade, measurements from the climate-oriented ocean observing system have been key to advancing the understanding of extreme weather events that originate and intensify over the ocean, such as tropical cyclones (TCs) and extratropical bomb cyclones (ECs). In order to foster further advancements to predict and better understand these extreme weather events, a need for a dedicated observing system component specifically to support studies and forecasts of TCs and ECs has been identified, but such a system has not yet been implemented. New technologies, pilot networks, targeted deployments of instruments, and state-of-the art coupled numerical models have enabled advances in research and forecast capabilities and illustrate a potential framework for future development. Here, applications and key results made possible by the different ocean observing efforts in support of studies and forecasts of TCs and ECs, as well as recent advances in observing technologies and strategies are reviewed. Then a vision and specific recommendations for the next decade are discussed.

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Section: Underwater Glidersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean Observations in Support of Studies and Forecasts of Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones

et al. 2019

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“…In 2015, 27 of 30 floats (90%) worked upon deployment, and in the final year (2016), 19 of 20 floats (95%) worked. Figure 3 shows an example of the data collected by ALAMO #9077, displaying a rapid depression of the thermocline, followed by inertial oscillations in the thermocline and mixing and cooling of the upper ocean after the passage of Hurricane Ignacio (see also Goni et al, 2017, in this issue, for other ALAMO hurricane observations).…”

Section: Hurricane Deploymentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air-Deployable Profiling Floats

Jayne¹,

Bogue²

2017

Oceanog.

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“…Such data will become more common with intentional and fortuitous placement of moorings, air‐launched probes, surface drifters, gliders, and profiling floats (e.g., Baranowski et al, ; Black et al, ; Chang et al, ; Domingues et al, ; Jayne & Bogue, ; Lin et al, ; Mitarai & McWilliams, ; Mitchell et al, ; Mrvaljevic et al, ; Pallàs‐Sanz et al, ; Park et al, ; Price, ; Todd et al, ). Such data communicated in real time will increasingly contribute to forecasts (Chen, Cummings, et al, ; Domingues et al, ; Goni et al, ; Zhang & Emanuel, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advection by the North Equatorial Current of a Cold Wake due to Multiple Typhoons in the Western Pacific: Measurements From a Profiling Float Array

et al. 2020

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Cold wakes of previous tropical cyclones (TCs) affect the development of subsequent TCs, but few subsurface data sets have sufficient persistence and spatial coverage to follow a cold wake as it is advected by currents. For >2 months in 2018, an array of eight floats obtained >20,000 temperature profiles from the surface to <200 m every <40 min before, during, and after Super Typhoons Mangkhut, Trami, Kong-Rey, and Yutu. Two floats were in/near Mangkhut's eye, experienced gale force winds during Trami and Kong-Rey, drifted over 1,000 km westward with the North Equatorial Current, and tracked the advection of the weakly stratified, cold wake produced by the sequence of TCs. Sea surface temperature shows the westward advection of the cumulative cold wake. While causation cannot be established, since atmospheric measurements were not made, Yutu weakened as it passed over the cold wake. The stratification and the energy needed to mix the water column in the cold wake decreased with each TC. One float directly in the path of Yutu showed that mixing to 125-150 m was likely, corresponding to a cooling of 0.5-1 • C under the eye. Sea surface temperature in the cold wake cooled by 1 • C within a 150 km radius of Yutu's eye, where the effect on air-sea heat fluxes is maximal. A cold wake can remain weakly stratified for many weeks during a sequence of TCs. These results also suggest that an advected cold wake from previous TCs may contribute many weeks later to the arrested development of a subsequent TC at a distant location. Plain Language SummaryCold wakes from previous tropical cyclones (TCs) are known to affect the development of subsequent TCs, but few subsurface data sets have sufficient persistence and spatial coverage to follow a cold wake as it is transported by currents. For >2 months in 2018, an array of eight profiling floats drifted >1,000 km westward and tracked the weakly stratified, cold wake produced by a sequence of three TCs. The subsequent Super Typhoon Yutu weakened into a typhoon, as it passed over the cold wake prior to landfall. Coincidence occurred, but causation cannot be established, since detailed atmospheric measurements were not made. The stratification and thus the energy needed to mix the water column in the cold wake decreased with each TC. One float directly in the path of Yutu showed that mixing to 125-150 m was likely, corresponding to a cooling of 0.5-1 • C under the eye, where the effect on air-sea heat fluxes that power TCs is maximal. These results show that a cold wake from previous TCs is transported by ocean currents to a distant location. The cold wake may possibly contribute many weeks later to the arrested development of a subsequent TC at a distant location.

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Autonomous and Lagrangian Ocean Observations for Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Studies and Forecasts

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Ocean Observations in Support of Studies and Forecasts of Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones

Ocean Observations in Support of Studies and Forecasts of Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones

Air-Deployable Profiling Floats

Advection by the North Equatorial Current of a Cold Wake due to Multiple Typhoons in the Western Pacific: Measurements From a Profiling Float Array

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