Autonomic Nervous System Responses Can Reveal Visual Fatigue Induced by 3D Displays

Kim, Chi Jung; Park, Sangin; Won, Myeung Ju; Whang, Mincheol; Lee, Eui Chul

doi:10.3390/s131013054

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Each of the (A) and (B) = 2 × 2 = 4 distance-display conditions contained S = 5 participants, and each participant watched all four movies for one hour. Two types of displays were chosen because they have been used in previous studies [6,8,11,37,38], thus allowing comparison. Moreover, the viewing distance is selected as three times and six times of the display height based on the recommendation made by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standards [39].…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Viewing Displays from Different Distances on Human Visual System

2017

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Abstract:The current stereoscopic 3D displays have several human-factor issues including visual-fatigue symptoms such as eyestrain, headache, fatigue, nausea, and malaise. The viewing time and viewing distance are factors that considerably affect the visual fatigue associated with 3D displays. Hence, this study analyzes the effects of display type (2D vs. 3D) and viewing distance on visual fatigue during a 60-min viewing session based on electroencephalogram (EEG) relative beta power, and alpha/beta power ratio. In this study, twenty male participants watched four videos. The EEGs were recorded at two occipital lobes (O1 and O2) of each participant in the pre-session (3 min), post-session (3 min), and during a 60-min viewing session. The results showed that the decrease in relative beta power of the EEG and the increase in the alpha/beta ratio from the start until the end of the viewing session were significantly higher when watching the 3D display. When the viewing distance was increased from 1.95 m to 3.90 m, the visual fatigue was decreased in the case of the 3D-display, whereas the fatigue was increased in the case of the 2D-display. Moreover, there was approximately the same level of visual fatigue when watching videos in 2D or 3D from a long viewing distance (3.90 m).

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Viewing Displays from Different Distances on Human Visual System

2017

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“…This particular scene had a great influence on user emotion, with greater 3D effects than used in other films. While there are many studies comparing 2D and 3D on user experience, such as visual fatigue, presence, and emotion [5][6][7], little is known about the effect of emotional movie.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, physiological measurements provide a more objective evaluation for studying visual fatigue induced by a 3D display [6]. For example, the study on influence of 3D TV based on physiological signals measured the viewers' emotional states [7,8].…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of affective and physiological responses to emotional movies

Kim

Cho

Park

2018

Hum. Cent. Comput. Inf. Sci.

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IntroductionThe three-dimensional movies are popular among today's generation. Following the success of the blockbuster movie Avatar, interest in 3D movies has increased significantly, leading to the production of more 3D movies. 3D televisions, 3D broadcasting and 3D Blu-ray movies also hit the market. More recently, virtual reality becomes a popular trend for consumers who want even more immersive 3D experiences. A few months ago Paramount Pictures launches the first virtual reality movie theater.Along with the rising popularity in 3D technologies, the biggest concern of creating 3D contents is to offer deeper and more meaningful experiences. Many works have shown that 3D images help users experience excitement, a feeling of presence, and enjoyment, and even performance advantages for depth-related tasks [1]. Despite the growing interest in 3D contents and technologies, few are concerned about viewers' perceptual and emotional responses to 3D stimuli.Much 3D related research is focused on technical factors, such as the fidelity of stereoscopic depth and reduction of visual discomforts while the viewer is watching 3D [2][3][4]. For example, subjective evaluation was used to compare visual fatigue induced by AbstractIn this research, we investigated on user's affective and physiological responses to the emotional movies. The emotional movies provide continuous feedback such as changes in saturation, brightness and contrast of the movie in response to users' emotional states. In the user study, the subjects watched the emotional movies, edited by fearful and joyful scenes, and presented in 2D and 3D formats. The subject's self-reported emotion responses and their physiological signals were analyzed. The results highlight the importance of scenes (such as, the color, tone, and brightness of the scene) than 2D or 3D format in understanding the impact of users' emotional responses. More physiological emotional changes, positive user responses and higher correlation rate between physiological and subjective responses were evident for joyful scene than fearful scene when presented in 3D format. Kim et al. Hum. Cent. Comput. Inf. Sci. (2018) et al. Hum. Cent. Comput. Inf. Sci. (2018) 8:15 2D and 3D high-definition television (HDTV) [5], but subjective evaluations often show considerable variation between individuals. RESEARCHPage 2 of 17 KimOn the other hand, physiological measurements provide a more objective evaluation for studying visual fatigue induced by a 3D display [6]. For example, the study on influence of 3D TV based on physiological signals measured the viewers' emotional states [7,8]. Results showed a correlation between the effect of physiological responses and emotional states. This indicates that physiological responses can be potentially ample indicators of emotionally engaging 3D video.Human emotion is a complex phenomenon with both affective and physiological components. The affective component refers to the users' subjective feeling while the physiological component refers to the physiological...

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“…The experiences assessed with multimodal approaches are broad and range from traditional applications, such as multimedia quality assessment [32], [47], through more advanced applications, such as assessing visual fatigue for 3D video [14], [80] and tone mapping perception for high dynamic range (HDR) video [35], to higher-level experiences, including immersiveness [76] , emotion [77], stress [79], and engagement [78]. Most studies do not abandon traditional self-reporting but rather include it as a well understood reference.…”

Section: Multimodal Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some widely adopted modalities, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and eye measurement (EM), typically report better agreement than other peripheral measures, such as electrocardiography (ECG) and respiratory measurement (RM) (see for instance findings in [32], [35], [77], [78], [80]). Not all studies are in agreement though, with [32] finding no significant correlation for electrodermal activity (EDA) but [80] finding EDA to be an effective measurement technique. In [47], no significant effects were found for any of the deployed physiological measurements.…”

Section: Multimodal Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysiology-Based QoE Assessment: A Survey

Engelke

Darcy

Mulliken

et al. 2017

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process.

105

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Abstract-We present a survey of psychophysiology-based assessment for Quality of Experience (QoE) in advanced multimedia technologies. We provide a classification of methods relevant to QoE and describe related psychological processes, experimental design considerations, and signal analysis techniques. We summarise multimodal techniques and discuss several important aspects of psychophysiology-based QoE assessment, including the synergies with psychophysical assessment and the need for standardised experimental design. This survey is not considered to be exhaustive but serves as a guideline for those interested to further explore this emerging field of research.

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Autonomic Nervous System Responses Can Reveal Visual Fatigue Induced by 3D Displays

Cited by 35 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of Viewing Displays from Different Distances on Human Visual System

Effects of Viewing Displays from Different Distances on Human Visual System

Comparative analysis of affective and physiological responses to emotional movies

Psychophysiology-Based QoE Assessment: A Survey

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