Autonomic nervous system and cancer

Simó, Marta; Navarro, Xavier; Yuste, Vı́ctor J.; Bruna, Jordi

doi:10.1007/s10286-018-0523-1

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…As the neoplastic process, regardless of location, is marked by systemic inflammatory response [77], HFD, cancer, and sympathetic nervous system may effectively create another vicious circle in neoplasm development [72,73,76,78]. Complex interactions between neoplasm growth and sympathetic nervous system were reviewed elsewhere in detail [75,79,80].…”

Section: Hfd Oxidative Stress and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fat and Cancer—Which Is Good, Which Is Bad, and the Body of Evidence

Bojková

Winklewski

Wszędybył-Winklewska

2020

IJMS

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A high-fat diet (HFD) induces changes in gut microbiota leading to activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, and obesity, as a consequence of overnutrition, exacerbates inflammation, a known risk factor not only for cancer. However, experimental data showed that the composition of dietary fat has a greater impact on the pathogenesis of cancer than the total fat content in isocaloric diets. Similarly, human studies did not prove that a decrease in total fat intake is an effective strategy to combat cancer. Saturated fat has long been considered as harmful, but the current consensus is that moderate intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), including palmitic acid (PA), does not pose a health risk within a balanced diet. In regard to monounsaturated fat, plant sources are recommended. The consumption of plant monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), particularly from olive oil, has been associated with lower cancer risk. Similarly, the replacement of animal MUFAs with plant MUFAs decreased cancer mortality. The impact of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on cancer risk depends on the ratio between ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs. In vivo data showed stimulatory effects of ω-6 PUFAs on tumour growth while ω-3 PUFAs were protective, but the results of human studies were not as promising as indicated in preclinical reports. As for trans FAs (TFAs), experimental data mostly showed opposite effects of industrially produced and natural TFAs, with the latter being protective against cancer progression, but human data are mixed, and no clear conclusion can be made. Further studies are warranted to establish the role of FAs in the control of cell growth in order to find an effective strategy for cancer prevention/treatment.

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Section: Hfd Oxidative Stress and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fat and Cancer—Which Is Good, Which Is Bad, and the Body of Evidence

Bojková

Winklewski

Wszędybył-Winklewska

2020

IJMS

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“…The nervous system also connects cancer cells to the whole organism, and recent emphasis has been put on what is now called ‘neurogenic control’ or ‘neural regulation’ of tumour development. Both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems have been causally implicated in cancer initiation and progression . The interaction of the nervous system with cancer cells can be either direct or mediated by a remodelling of the immune or vascular microenvironment …”

Section: The Key Role Of the Toementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems have been causally implicated in cancer initiation and progression. 45 The interaction of the nervous system with cancer cells can be either direct or mediated by a remodelling of the immune or vascular microenvironment. 46 Animal model studies have proved that behavioural stress can accelerate the progression of different cancer types (breast, prostate, ovary, brain, skin, pancreas, as well as some haematopoietic cancers such as leukaemia).…”

Section: The Key Role Of the Toementioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the tumour microenvironment

Laplane

Duluc

Bikfalvi

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

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In contrast to the once dominant tumour‐centric view of cancer, increasing attention is now being paid to the tumour microenvironment (TME), generally understood as the elements spatially located in the vicinity of the tumour. Thinking in terms of TME has proven extremely useful, in particular because it has helped identify and comprehend the role of nongenetic and noncell‐intrinsic factors in cancer development. Yet some current approaches have led to a TME‐centric view, which is no less problematic than the former tumour‐centric vision of cancer, insofar as it tends to overlook the role of components located beyond the TME, in the ‘tumour organismal environment’ (TOE). In this minireview, we highlight the explanatory and therapeutic shortcomings of the TME‐centric view and insist on the crucial importance of the TOE in cancer progression.

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“…In particular, both the autonomic control impairment and the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (Lakoski et al, 2015 ) are suffered by ~80% (Coumbe and Groarke, 2018 ) and 42% (Chen et al, 2012 ) of the patients, respectively. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the main homeostatic regulatory system of the body, involved in the etiology and the clinical course of cancer therapies (Simó et al, 2018 ). Chemotherapy and radiotherapy cause cardiotoxicity (Scott et al, 2014 ) and neurotoxicity (Park et al, 2013 ), thereby affecting ANS and cardiovascular function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Exercise Reduce the Autonomic Dysfunction of Patients With Cancer and Its Survivors? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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Background: Cancer therapies have increased patient survival rates, but side effects such as cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity can lead to autonomic nervous and cardiovascular system dysfunction. This would result in a decrease in parasympathetic activity and the enhancement of sympathetic activity. Heart rate variability (HRV), which reflects autonomic modulation, is a valuable physiological tool since it correlates with cancer-related fatigue, stress, depression, and mortality in patients with cancer.Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of exercise programs on the autonomic modulation, measured by the HRV of patients with cancer and its survivors.Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and the quality of the articles was assessed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The meta-analysis statistic procedure was performed by using RevMan software version 5.3.Results: From the 252 articles found, six studies were included in the review involving 272 participants aged 30–75 years. Exercise programs had a mean length of 10.4 ± 4.6 weeks, a frequency of 3 ± 1.4 days/week, and a mean duration of 78 ± 23.9 min. In time-domain HRV measures, exercise may increase in the SD of normal-to-normal intervals [p < 0.00001, with a mean difference (MD) of 12.79 ms from 9.03 to 16.55] and a decreased root mean square of successive R–R interval differences (p = 0.002, with an MD of 13.08 ms from 4.90 to 21.27) in comparison with control groups (CG). The frequency-domain data reveal that the exercise group (EG) improve significantly more than the CGs in low frequency [absolute power: p < 0.0001, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.97 from 0.61 to 1.34; relative power: p = 0.04, with an MD = −7.70 from −15.4 to −0.36], high-frequency [absolute power: p = 0.001, with a SMD of 1.49 from 0.32 to 2.66; relative power: p = 0.04, with an MD of 8.00 normalized units (n.u.) from 0.20 to 15.80], and low-to-high frequency ratio (p = 0.007 with an MD of −0.32 from −0.55 to −0.09).Conclusion: Exercise programs could lead to positive effects on the autonomic modulation of patients with cancer and its survivors. More beneficial changes may occur with resistance and endurance workouts. However, due to the low number of interventions performed, further research is needed to substantiate the findings and to provide additional insights regarding the exercise intensity required to increase the autonomic modulation of the patient.

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Autonomic nervous system and cancer

Cited by 19 publications

References 104 publications

Dietary Fat and Cancer—Which Is Good, Which Is Bad, and the Body of Evidence

Dietary Fat and Cancer—Which Is Good, Which Is Bad, and the Body of Evidence

Beyond the tumour microenvironment

Can Exercise Reduce the Autonomic Dysfunction of Patients With Cancer and Its Survivors? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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