Autonomic Nervous System and Brain Circuitry for Internet Addiction

Huang, Andrew Chih Wei

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07242-5_7

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Drug addiction is well known as a brain disease (Volkow and Morales, 2015 ). However, many drugs of abuse can disrupt the activity of ANS and cause disorders in ANS-innervated systems (Al-Hasani and Bruchas, 2011 ; Huang, 2017 ). For example, opioids (e.g., morphine) alter neuronal excitability and neurotransmission in the ANS (Wood and Galligan, 2004 ), and induce disorders in gastrointestinal system, smooth muscle, skin, cardiovascular, and immune system (Al-Hasani and Bruchas, 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Systems Pharmacological Analysis of Drugs of Abuse Reveals the Pleiotropy of Their Targets and the Effector Role of mTORC1

Pei

Liu

et al. 2019

Front. Pharmacol.

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Existing treatments against drug addiction are often ineffective due to the complexity of the networks of protein-drug and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) that mediate the development of drug addiction and related neurobiological disorders. There is an urgent need for understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie drug addiction toward designing novel preventive or therapeutic strategies. The rapidly accumulating data on addictive drugs and their targets as well as advances in machine learning methods and computing technology now present an opportunity to systematically mine existing data and draw inferences on potential new strategies. To this aim, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of cellular pathways implicated in a diverse set of 50 drugs of abuse using quantitative systems pharmacology methods. The analysis of the drug/ligand-target interactions compiled in DrugBank and STITCH databases revealed 142 known and 48 newly predicted targets, which have been further analyzed to identify the KEGG pathways enriched at different stages of drug addiction cycle, as well as those implicated in cell signaling and regulation events associated with drug abuse. Apart from synaptic neurotransmission pathways detected as upstream signaling modules that “sense” the early effects of drugs of abuse, pathways involved in neuroplasticity are distinguished as determinants of neuronal morphological changes. Notably, many signaling pathways converge on important targets such as mTORC1. The latter emerges as a universal effector of the persistent restructuring of neurons in response to continued use of drugs of abuse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Systems Pharmacological Analysis of Drugs of Abuse Reveals the Pleiotropy of Their Targets and the Effector Role of mTORC1

Pei

Liu

et al. 2019

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…In a previous study, the neural circuitry of the activation of the ANS associated with internet addiction was found to be same as in drug addicts. 11 IA was associated with higher sympathetic activity and lower parasympathetic activity. 12 But there is very little knowledge about the efficacy of treatment approaches for IA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

To Evaluate the Efficacy of Internet De-addiction Programme on Perceived Stress and Autonomic Functions in Young Adults

Jasrotia,

Mishra,

Qavi

et al. 2023

Nep J Neurosci

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Internet addiction is characterized by excessive or poorly controlled preoccupations, urges or behaviors regarding computer use and internet access that lead to impairment or distress. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of internet de-addiction programme on stress and autonomic functions in young adults. 500 young adults (age group 18-35 years), using smartphones and other gadget frequently were asked to answer Kimberley Young’s Internet addiction test (IAT) questionnaire. As per their responses 31 moderates to severely addicted to internet addiction (IAT score 64.51 ± 16.94) were motivated to participate in a comprehensive internet de-addiction programme, based on repeated sessions of psychological counselling and behavioral therapy as advised by an expert clinical Psychologist. Baseline and follow up (after 6 weeks) recording of Heart rate, Blood pressure, Perceived stress scale, IAT, Autonomic functions based on frequency domain HRV were done. There was significant increase in total power of HRV whereas significant reduction in LF/HF ratio, Perceived stress scores (PSS), Internet addiction scores and average daily mobile usage time after 6 weeks of follow up. It can be concluded from this study that after six weeks of comprehensive sessions based on cognitive behaviour therapy and guiding for self-help approach there were significant decrease in the total daily mobile usages time, internet addiction score, perceived stress score and also simultaneous improvement in symptho-vagal tone and overall autonomic health of participants.

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“…It heightens sympathetic activation and diminishes parasympathetic activation. 5 Sympathetic and parasympathetic functioning is mediated via bidirectional pathways between the brain and cardiovascular system contributing to cognitive and emotional processing that serve as antecedents to substance use behaviors. Pathological substance use significantly interferes with neurocardiac regulation and can be corrected via interventions that restore autonomic equilibrium such as paced breathing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Treatment for Substance Use Disorders: Improving Outcomes Through Evidence-based Practice of Yoga-derived Breathwork and Meditation

Krishnan

2024

J Addict Med

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Background Among 20.4 million US adults diagnosed with substance use disorders (SUDs), up to 60% return to use despite treatment or attempted abstinence. Standard care for SUDs is pharmacotherapy and/or behavioral interventions in either an inpatient or outpatient setting. Both national and international epidemiological data suggest this approach to treatment is insufficient and use of an integrative protocol can better promote recovery. Objective To determine the efficacy of integrating yoga-derived breathwork and meditation into substance use treatment with emphasis on a specific practice, Sudarshan Kriya yoga (SKY). Methods Literature review conducted in PubMed, OVID, and SCOPUS. The initial search term was “Sudarshan Kriya” alone. Subsequent searches combined the search term “Sudarshan Kriya” with a series of substance use–related terms using AND to link the terms. Results SKY practice impacts quality of life, well-being, functioning, and substance use behavior. In patients with alcohol use disorder, SKY contributes to significant reduction in depressive symptoms, stress biomarkers, and alcohol use up to 6 months after treatment completion. SKY practitioners engaging in opioid partial agonist therapy may experience buprenorphine potentiation such that concurrent nonprescribed opioid use is eliminated. SKY practitioners can achieve tobacco cessation at a rate comparable to bupropion pharmacotherapy. Conclusion SKY has established efficacy in the treatment of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Currently available evidence also supports integration of SKY into the management of SUDs, and expanded SKY research can ensure optimal use of this promising intervention within this clinical subspecialty.

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Autonomic Nervous System and Brain Circuitry for Internet Addiction

Cited by 5 publications

References 61 publications

Quantitative Systems Pharmacological Analysis of Drugs of Abuse Reveals the Pleiotropy of Their Targets and the Effector Role of mTORC1

Quantitative Systems Pharmacological Analysis of Drugs of Abuse Reveals the Pleiotropy of Their Targets and the Effector Role of mTORC1

To Evaluate the Efficacy of Internet De-addiction Programme on Perceived Stress and Autonomic Functions in Young Adults

Integrative Treatment for Substance Use Disorders: Improving Outcomes Through Evidence-based Practice of Yoga-derived Breathwork and Meditation

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