Autonomic control of heart rate during exercise studied by heart rate variability spectral analysis

Yamamoto, Yoshiharu; Hughson, R. L.; Peterson, John C.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1991.71.3.1136

Cited by 343 publications

(294 citation statements)

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“…It is well known that strong exercise produces sympathetic dominance, while moderate exercise results in parasympathetic dominance [21,22] and relieves stress if the subject is in training [23]. However, it is unclear how much exercise is moderate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxation Effect of a 2-Hour Walk in Kumano-Kodo Forest

Komori¹,

Mitsui²,

Togashi³

et al. 2017

J Neurol Neurosci

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxation Effect of a 2-Hour Walk in Kumano-Kodo Forest

Komori¹,

Mitsui²,

Togashi³

et al. 2017

J Neurol Neurosci

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“…It has been suggested that the relative power of the LF and HF components (LF/HF ratio) characterises the sympatho-vagal balance (Solan et al, 1994;Malik et al, 1996) -a concept reflecting the dual opposing effect of the two autonomic systems on heart activity -and is an accurate indicator of increased sympathetic activity (Yamamoto et al, 1991;). …”

Section: Methods Of Measurement and Analysis Of Hr And Hrv In Dairy Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare implication of measuring heart rate and heart rate variability in dairy cattle: literature review and conclusions for future research

Kovács

Jurkovich

Bakony³

et al. 2014

Animal

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Heart rate (HR) measurements have been used to determine stress in livestock species since the beginning of the 1970s. However, according to the latest studies in veterinary and behaviour-physiological sciences, heart rate variability (HRV) proved to be more precise for studying the activity of the autonomic nervous system. In dairy cattle, HR and HRV indices have been used to detect stress caused by routine management practices, pain or milking. This review provides the significance of HR and HRV measurements in dairy cattle by summarising current knowledge and research results in this area. First, the biological background and the interrelation of the autonomic regulation of cardiovascular function, stress, HR and HRV are discussed. Equipment and methodological approaches developed to measure interbeat intervals and estimate HRV in dairy cattle are described. The methods of HRV analysis in time, frequency and non-linear domains are also explained in detail emphasising their physiological background. Finally, the most important scientific results and potential possibilities for future research are presented.Keywords: heart rate, heart rate variability, stress, welfare, dairy cattle ImplicationsHousing and milking technology, health status and way of handling of animals influence the well-being of animals in intensive dairy farming. Non-invasive methods of assessing stress include heart rate and heart rate variability measurements that involve the monitoring of the autonomic nervous function by digital, high frequency, 24 h multi-channel electrocardiographic recorders. As high-producing cattle breeds are very sensitive to environmental factors, monitoring and decreasing stress is of major importance in terms of both animal welfare and production. IntroductionIn intensive dairy farming, housing and milking systems are main factors in determining the welfare of animals, as adaptation to environmental changes can be challenging for high-producing breeds.Important aspects in the improvement of dairy cattle management systems in respect of animal welfare are the recognition and evaluation of stress. The stressfulness of the technological environment has been examined in many different contexts. Certain welfare studies proved that for intensively farmed cattle, the milking technology (Rushen et al., 2001;Wenzel et al., 2003), fear from given routine treatments (Holst, 1998) and pain (Broom, 1991;Mellor et al., 2000) mean such load that may cause stress (Dantzer and Mormède, 1983;von Borell, 2001) having a negative impact also on milk production (Rushen et al., 2001). Effects of technology and of social interactions can be described not only by classical descriptive behavioural observations (e.g. Milmann, 2013;Theurer et al., 2013), but with physiological measures as well (Hopster and Blokhuis, 1994;Rietmann et al., 2004). Most dairy cattle studies have focused on the stress reactions of animals expressed in neuroendocrine changes that are considered to be reliable indicators of stress and pain in livestock species (...

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“…SDNN) methods, HRV is greatly diminished during exercise when compared to rest (Arai et al 1989;Casadei et al 1995;Macor et al 1996;Perini et al 1990;Pichon et al 2004). HRV decreases as a function of exercise intensity, almost disappearing at exercise intensities exceeding 50-60% of VO2max (Hautala et al 2003;Tulppo et al 1998) or the ventilatory threshold (Yamamoto et al 1991). Therefore, intensity seems to be the main factor affecting HRV during exercise.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Hrvmentioning

confidence: 97%