Automotive Wash Effluent Treatment Using Combined Process of Coagulation/Flocculation/Sedimentation–Adsorption

Bench-Scale Continuous-Flow System for Coagulation/Flocculation/Sedimentation Treatment of Washing Bay Effluents: A Comparison between Natural and Chemical Coagulants

“…The volume of generated sludge with alum (30 mL/L) was three times greater than that from the treated sample using C. arietinum (10 mL/L). Since post-coagulation sludge contains a mixture of hazardous organic and inorganic compounds [4], a high volume generated by alum would impose severe human health and environmental problems on disposal in the environment compared to the low-volume biodegradable sludge produced by C. arietinum. The residual aluminum concentration in the treated alum effluent (0.95 mg/L) was significantly higher than with the C. arietinum powder (0.062 mg/L).…”

“…The process commonly utilizes metal salts (Al or Fe (III)) as coagulants, owing to their great ability to destabilize particles through sweep flocculation and charge neutralization mechanisms. However, they produce large volumes of toxic sludge and high metal residual concentrations in the treated effluents, causing adverse health implications on humans and various environmental-related concerns [4]. Hence, the recent trend of applying eco-friendly natural-based coagulants to substitute chemical coagulants in treating washing bay effluent could assist in overcoming the aforementioned challenges [5,6].…”

“…2023, 37, 79 2 of 7 Continuous-flow treatment systems offer distinct benefits related to the possibility of full-scale applications with higher flow rates, preventing dead times associated with batch assays and guaranteeing a continuous yield of treated effluent. Moreover, the coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation (C/F/S) processes for treating washing bay effluent are often based on the Jar Tests [1,4], which do not consider the hydrodynamic characteristics for continuous-flow treatment. Moreover, bench-scale continuous flow experimentations constitute an intermediary stage between the lab-scale batch process (jar test), helpful in establishing the optimal parameters, and real-scale plants.…”

The Application of Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membranes for Separation of Car Wash Wastewaters: Experiments and Modelling

“…Obviously, water recovered from wastewater must meet the required quality criteria for reuse [ 2 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. For instance, suspensions may be effectively removed from wastewater by several methods, such as coagulation, sedimentation, adsorption and sand filtration [ 3 , 7 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. It is necessary to point out that car wash wastewaters also contain significant amounts of pathogenic microorganisms [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]; hence, ensuring biosecurity is another key challenge.…”