Automotive electrical systems circa 2005

An Electromechanical Valve Drive Incorporating a Nonlinear Mechanical Transformer

“…An EMVD could eliminate the heavy and complicated mechanical components such as camshafts, timing chains, etc., which take up a lot of space on the top of a conventional cylinder head [11]. As a result, the height and weight for the EMVD could be lower than those for the case of cam-driven conventional valvetrains [11].…”

“…As a result, the height and weight for the EMVD could be lower than those for the case of cam-driven conventional valvetrains [11]. Also, all valves can be opened at the beginning of engine start-up, relieving compression and greatly reducing the crank torque needed [2], so that a smaller battery and starter motor could be used [11]. In fact, the peak power of the starter motor might be close to that of the alternator, so that a combined starter/alternator might become feasible [11].…”

“…An EMVD could eliminate the heavy and complicated mechanical components such as camshafts, timing chains, etc., which take up a lot of space on the top of a conventional cylinder head [11]. As a result, the height and weight for the EMVD could be lower than those for the case of cam-driven conventional valvetrains [11]. Also, all valves can be opened at the beginning of engine start-up, relieving compression and greatly reducing the crank torque needed [2], so that a smaller battery and starter motor could be used [11].…”

Voltage Stability Analysis of Automotive Power Nets based on Modeling and Experimental Results

“…For many years, the introduction of multi-voltage systems has been discussed, as this would bring many benefits (Kassakian et al, 1996). The advantages of higher voltage power nets, e.g.…”

Hybrid and Electric Automotive Systems: Combined Electrical, Mechanical, and Fuel Cell Opportunities for Personal Transportation

“…Electric power steering [12], water pumps, air conditioning compressors, and other major accessories enhance system efficiency while improving performance. Looking further into the future [13][14][15][16], electromechanical devices such as valve actuators will enhance the performance of engines themselves.…”