Automobile Tires’ High-Carbon Steel Wire

Abstract

It is a well-known fact that to manufacture an automobile tire more than 200 different materials are used, including high-carbon steel wire. In order to withstand the affecting forces, the tire tread is reinforced with steel wire or other products such as ropes or strands. These ropes are called steel cord. Steel cord can be of different constructions. To ensure a good adhesive bond between the rubber of the tire and the steel cord, the cord is either brass-plated or bronzed. The reason brass or bronze is used is because copper, which is a part of these alloys, makes a high-strength chemical composition with sulfur in rubber. For steel cord, the high carbon steel is usually used at 0.70–0.95% C. This amount of carbon ensures the high strength of the steel cord. This kind of high-quality, unalloyed steel has a pearlitic structure which is designed for multi-pass drawing. To ensure the specified technical characteristics, modern metal reinforcing materials for automobile tires, metal cord and bead wire, must withstand, first of all, a high breaking load with a minimum running meter weight. At present, reinforcing materials of the strength range 2800–3200 MPa are increasingly used, the manufacture of which requires high-strength wire. The production of such wire requires the use of a workpiece with high carbon content, changing the drawing regimes, patenting, and other operations. At the same time, it is necessary to achieve a reduction in the cost of wire manufacturing. In this context, the development and implementation of competitive processes for the manufacture of high-quality, high-strength wire as a reinforcing material for automobile tires is an urgent task.

Cleaning steel by devulcanizing rubber from used automotive tires

“…In addition to TCR, the automobile tire shredding process generates polyester and/or nylon fiber which, in the absence of viable applications in Ontario, at least, is mostly landfilled. The other key product is steel fiber/wire from tire tread, 19 which constitutes about 13% of the total mass of the tire. 20 An ‘average tire’ is considered to weigh 12.5 kg for light truck and on-road passenger tires, which correlates to about 1.6 kg of steel/tire.…”

The role and mechanism of temporary blocked isocyanate at interface between polyethylene terephthalate high‐strength fibers and activation oil

“…As one of the most widely used high-performance fibers, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) high-strength fibers, has outstanding performance in mechanical properties, thermal stability, impact resistance, and fatigue resistance, thus is widely used as rubber skeleton material. [1][2][3][4][5][6] After rubber is compounded with PET high-strength fibers, its strength, toughness, wear resistance, and stability can be significantly enhanced. 7 However, chemical structure of polyester, smooth surface, and extremely deficient active groups for PET high-strength fibers make it really difficult to form strong interface bonding with rubber matrix.…”

“…As one of the most widely used high‐performance fibers, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) high‐strength fibers, has outstanding performance in mechanical properties, thermal stability, impact resistance, and fatigue resistance, thus is widely used as rubber skeleton material 1–6 . After rubber is compounded with PET high‐strength fibers, its strength, toughness, wear resistance, and stability can be significantly enhanced 7 .…”

Detection, Verification and Analysis of Micro Surface Defects in Steel Filament Using Eddy Current Principles, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy

“…Steel wire is used as a reinforcement material in the construction of tire belts, beads, and sidewalls, which are responsible for providing strength and stability to the tire [1,2]. It is well known that over 200 different materials are used in the production of tires, including high-tensile-strength steel filaments [3] and the application of NDT in this field is really necessary. Since micro surface defects are very small and cannot be seen with our eyes or any other normal inspection method.…”