Automation of a Flocculation Test for Syphilis

McGrew, B E; DuCros, Michael J. F.; Stout, G; Falcone, Virginia H.

doi:10.1093/ajcp/50.1.52

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Decades later, the antilipoidal antibody VDRL and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests were developed (132,237). Automation, antigen stability, the ability to use plasma rather than serum, and macroscopic observation (199) make the RPR test more conducive for use in clinical laboratories. The VDRL test continues to be used in some settings, although it has no advantages over the RPR for diagnosis of syphilis.…”

Section: Antibodies In Diagnostic Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Basis for Syphilis

2006

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SUMMARY Syphilis is a chronic sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum. Clinical manifestations separate the disease into stages; late stages of disease are now uncommon compared to the preantibiotic era. T. pallidum has an unusually small genome and lacks genes that encode many metabolic functions and classical virulence factors. The organism is extremely sensitive to environmental conditions and has not been continuously cultivated in vitro. Nonetheless, T. pallidum is highly infectious and survives for decades in the untreated host. Early syphilis lesions result from the host's immune response to the treponemes. Bacterial clearance and resolution of early lesions results from a delayed hypersensitivity response, although some organisms escape to cause persistent infection. One factor contributing to T. pallidum's chronicity is the paucity of integral outer membrane proteins, rendering intact organisms virtually invisible to the immune system. Antigenic variation of TprK, a putative surface-exposed protein, is likely to contribute to immune evasion. T. pallidum remains exquisitely sensitive to penicillin, but macrolide resistance has recently been identified in a number of geographic regions. The development of a syphilis vaccine, thus far elusive, would have a significant positive impact on global health.

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Section: Antibodies In Diagnostic Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Basis for Syphilis

2006

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“…By the use of machine rotation and other technical changes the test was modified for largescale testing (Portnoy, 1963). A further development is the automated reagin test (ART) described by McGrew, Ducros, Stout, and Falcone (1968), in which RPR card test antigen is used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the rapid plasma reagin card test and other screening tests for treponemal disease in patients attending a venereal disease clinic.

Scrimgeour¹,

Rodin²

1973

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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“…FII-C suspensions were prepared in glycine buffered 0.5% saline, p H 8.2. T h e flow-through system and serum diluent, dye markers and cleaning reagent were prepared and used accGrding to AR test procedures (1).…”

Section: Tinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An automated test for rheumatoid factor

Stevens

Stroebel

Gaafar

1970

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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A continuous flow system utilizing a plasma fraction Il-charcoal suspension for the detection and quantitation of rheumatoid factor has been developed. Tests indicate that the reactivity levels of the automated procedure and those of manual latex particle technics are comparable. Interestin automated laboratory procedures prompted study of a system to detect and quantitate rheumatoid factor (RF) using a charcoal indicator in a continuous flow system. Automated Reagin (AR) equipment (1,2) and test reagents, plasma fraction I1 and standardized charcoal, were studied to provide a test of suitable reactivity. This report describes the test, illustrates the serologic sensitivity and specificity of the technic and notes advantages of the automated procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Latex tests.A slide macroscopic test" and a quantitative latex fixation FII-LP procedure (3) were used as standard tests for rheumatoid factor (RF) . sions were added to heated (30 min a t 56" C) serum dilutions 1:20-1:5120. After incubation for 90 min at 56" C and then overnight at 5" C, the mixtures were centrifuged and examined for agglutination.I n addition to 750 specimens selected by latex tests, the following heated sera were studied: 92 reactive in a test for antinuclear antibody (4,5), 72 reactive in VDRL and fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) tests (6) , and 414 "normal" premarital specimens.Desiccated human plasma fraction 11 (FII)? and standardized charcoal (C$ were obtained. FII-C suspensions were prepared in glycine buffered 0.5% saline, p H 8.2. T h e flow-through system and serum diluent, dye markers and cleaning reagent were prepared and used accGrding to AR test procedures (1).Optimum concentrations of FII and C were established by machine titrations of FII-LP reactive and nonreactive sera. T h e serologic test r e s u h reported in this paper were ohtained with FII-C suspensions containing 5 mg FII and 0.25 mg C/ml. Preparations of 10 mg FII/ml were stored overnight a t 5" C and then heated 1 hr at 63" C. Five volumes were added to 1 volume of charcoal; the mixture was stirred 30 min, and 4 volumes of glycine buffer were added. Suspensions were stored at 5" C.

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Automation of a Flocculation Test for Syphilis

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Biological Basis for Syphilis

Biological Basis for Syphilis

Comparison of the rapid plasma reagin card test and other screening tests for treponemal disease in patients attending a venereal disease clinic.

An automated test for rheumatoid factor

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