Automatic Water Control System and Environment Sensors in a Greenhouse

Abstract

Iraqi greenhouses require an active microcontroller system to ensure a suitable microclimate for crop production. At the same time, reliable and timely Water Consumption Rate (WCR) forecasts provide an essential means to reduce the amount of water loss and maintain the environmental conditions inside the greenhouses. The Arduino micro-controller system is tested to determine its effectiveness in controlling the WCR, Temperature (T), Relative Humidity (RH), and Irrigation Time (IT) levels and improving plant growth rates. The Arduino micro-controller system measurements are compared with the traditional methods to determine the quality of the work of the new control system. The development of mathematical models relies on T, RH, and IT indicators. Based on the results, the new system proves to reliably identify the amount of WCR, IT, T, and RH necessary for plant growth. A t-test for the values from the Arduino microcontroller system and traditional devices for both conditions show no significant difference. This means that there is solid evidence that the WCR, IT, T, and RH levels for these two groups are no different. In addition, the linear, two-factor interaction (2FI), and quadratic models display acceptable performance very well since multiple coefficients of determination (R2) reached 0.962, 0.969, and 0.977% with IT, T, and RH as the predictor variables. This implies that 96.9% of the variability in the WCR is explained by the model. Therefore, it is possible to predict weekly WCR 14 weeks in advance with reasonable accuracy.

A Systematic Literature Review: Internet of Things on Smart Greenhouse

“…The estimation of soil moisture content or soil moisture as a planting medium in a greenhouse can also use the ARX, ARMX, BJ and State algorithms with values of 91.31%, 91.09%, 91.08% and 90.75% [47]. The development model of Soil Moisture Forecasting (SMF) to activate Constant Moisture Automatic Irrigation (CAIS) using soil moisture data using sensors on planting media soil with different depths with the estimated error values of 0.011 [48], 0.962 [49], 0.014 [50]. The use of capacitive soil moisture sensors in measuring soil moisture is more resistant to rust than resistive soil moisture [51].…”

Water Level Control and Monitoring System in a Tank Made With Arduino Uno and NodeMCU ESP8266 Development Boards

“…The work [12] describes a water level automatic control system based on Arduino Uno and a GSM module. In the work [13] the development board Arduino Uno is used for a pressure measuring system whilst in the work [14] an automatic system for controlling the water level in a glass house is presented. The work [15] describes an automatic system for controlling the water level in a tank through a mobile phone and the work Disclaimer/Publisher's Note: The statements, opinions, and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s).…”

Kuzey Irak’taki sera sebzelerinde kök-ur nematodu türlerinin dağılımı ve yaygınlığı

“…Agricultural production has made significant progress in Iraq over the past few years (Hilal et al, 2022). Especially, northern Iraq has shifted from being a smallholder-based, food-producing region that met its basic needs to being significant food importer (Jongerden et al, 2019).…”

“…Especially, northern Iraq has shifted from being a smallholder-based, food-producing region that met its basic needs to being significant food importer (Jongerden et al, 2019). Greenhouses, which can increase productivity and profitability and extend crop production season, contribute valuable to agricultural production (Omer, 2016;Hilal et al, 2022). This vegetable production system is expanding in northern Iraq and total area of the greenhouses in 2021 reached ~112 ha in this region, where Sulaymaniyah is the leader province with 71%, followed with Erbil 18% and Dohuk 10% (MoAWR, 2022).…”