Automatic train controller safety simulation

Abstract

Nowadays, we are observing an increased demand for better and safer mass transport systems. The supervision and control of these systems is made through an architecture known as Automatic Train Controller (ATC). The use of processors in ATC provides new challenges in a safety analysis. A typical railway system has a Speed-Distance Profile Generator that determines the maximum allowed speed in each track circuit. Dangerous situations are verified through the relative positioning and speeds between trains, switching machine positioning and other restrictions from operational commands generated by the ATC. Independent Safety Auditors should consider the failure modes of hardware and software in use. The safety analysis should consider alternative techniques to complete the complex task of evaluating how safe is the use of the processor and its associated software. Therefore, the use of simulation can improve and increase safety analysis, searching for fault states that could not be found in a static analysis. The main goal of this paper is to describe the development of a tool that simulates the behaviour of trains' movement in a subway system, with boolean expressions. The set of boolean expressions coordinates all the movements in a subway line and the simulation provides the possibility to find out lack of safety, considering different combinations in those boolean expressions. Another important goal is to simulate equipment faults in order to investigate problems not visible in a static analysis or even in a practical field test. Preliminary results have shown that the use of a simulator to execute boolean expressions offers a great variety of tests, allowing the detection of unsafe situations, complementing software tests validation in a final release. Through simulation, it is possible to observe the behaviour of simulated objects in specific internal points which improves the completeness in safety analysis.

Organizational Safety Climate Factor Model in the Urban Rail Transport Industry through CFA Analysis

“…The management also needs to provide workspaces that are protected from high heat and provide all necessary personal protective equipment (such as safety boots and safety helmet) to complete tasks safely [17,21,23]. High heat will cause skin inflammation and increase stress on workers [10]. Uncomfortable workspace designs will increase injury potential worker and reduce worker productivity and job satisfaction [38].…”

“…More worryingly, the -total of daily users of the Greater KL/Klang Valley rail transport system reached 842,666 in 2019 compared to 657,736 in 2017, and the number of users of this service is expected to increase every year [9]. The pressures of technological development, namely the replacement of common mechanical methods into sensor and electronic technology methods through computers also complicate the situation [10]. For example, the replacement of train driver functions to special train control units in some train services in Malaysia.…”

“…The absence of train drivers to report any incidents or emergencies at the focus site presents a major challenge in this regard. Rail transport system operators need to increase safety through this control technology and at the same time consider any possible failure of the automated system used [10,11]. In addition, the day-to-day operations of the rail transport industry involve not only workers but also the general public and various communities of interest [12,13].…”

Development of Dynamic Simulator for Light Rail Transit Depot

“…Nash와 Huerlimann(2004) 은 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology의 시뮬레이션 툴 OpenTrack을 이용한 철도 시뮬레이션을 수행하였고 [4] , Xie와 Shibasaki(2005)는 일본 도쿄의 열차승객에 대해 모 델링 및 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다 [5] . Kassa외 2인(2006) 은 철도와 철도분기기에 대한 시뮬레이션 연구를 수행하 였고 [6] , Gimenes외 2인(2006)은 자동열차제어에 대해 시 뮬레이션을 통해 안전성을 분석 하였다 [7] . Chen외 2인 (2007)은 철도 곡선구간에서 불균형 열차마모에 대한 동 적 시뮬레이션을 수행하였고 [8] , Auciello외 3인(2009)은 철도 차륜에 대한 동적 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다 [9] .…”