Automatic Tissue Segmentation with Deep Learning in Patients with Congenital or Acquired Distortion of Brain Anatomy

Amorosino, Gabriele; Peruzzo, Denis; Astolfi, Pietro; Redaelli, Daniela; Avesani, Paolo; Arrigoni, Filippo; Olivetti, Emanuele

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-66843-3_2

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For all the patients, the T1‐w images were AC (anterior commissure) – PC (posterior commissure) aligned by means of rigid (6 dof) registration to the Standard MNI space T1‐w template and were resampled to isotropic spacing (1 × 1 × 1 mm 3 ). After AC‐PC alignment, the T1‐w were robust skull‐stripped using a Deep Learning Neural Network, that is , a pre‐trained 3D U‐Net (Amorosino et al, 2020). Then, the T1‐w images were corrected from magnetic field inhomogeneity by means of N4‐Bias Field Correction (Tustison et al, 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spontaneous unilateral spatial neglect recovery after brain tumour resection: A multimodal diffusion and rs‐fMRI case report

Zigiotto

Amorosino

Saviola

et al. 2023

Journal of Neuropsychology

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Patients with unilateral spatial neglect (USN) are unable to explore or to report stimuli presented in the left personal and extra‐personal space. USN is usually caused by lesion of the right parietal lobe: nowadays, it is also clear the key role of structural connections (the second and the third branch of the right Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus, respectively, SLF II and III) and functional networks (Dorsal and Ventral Attention Network, respectively, DAN and VAN) in USN. In this multimodal case report, we have merged those structural and functional information derived from a patient with a right parietal lobe tumour and USN before surgery. Functional, structural and neuropsychological data were also collected 6 months after surgery, when the USN was spontaneously recovered. Diffusion metrics and Functional Connectivity (FC) of the right SLF and DAN, before and after surgery, were compared with the same data of a patient with a tumour in a similar location, but without USN, and with a control sample. Results indicate an impairment in the right SLF III and a reduction of FC of the right DAN in patients with USN before surgery compared to controls; after surgery, when USN was recovered, patient's diffusion metrics and FC showed no differences compared to the controls. This single case and its multimodal approach reinforce the crucial role of the right SLF III and DAN in the development and recovery of egocentric and allocentric extra‐personal USN, highlighting the need to preserve these structural and functional areas during brain surgery.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of data‐driven approaches, for example , the 3D U‐Net, may produce more reliable results in the case of altered brain anatomy than standard model‐based pipelines (e.g. FSL, FreeSurfer, SPM or ANTs; Amorosino et al, 2020) as in the case of glioma, and seems to be more robust to noise and artefacts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous unilateral spatial neglect recovery after brain tumour resection: A multimodal diffusion and rs‐fMRI case report

Zigiotto

Amorosino

Saviola

et al. 2023

Journal of Neuropsychology

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“…The brain mask was used to perform the Bias-Field Correction restricted on the brain voxels, using N4-Bias Field Correction tool (Tustison et al, 2010). Furthermore, the T1-w images were segmented into 6 brain tissue by means of a pre-trained 3D-Unet (Çiçek et al, 2016; Amorosino et al, 2020). To support the alignment of structural and diffusion images we computed a synthetic T2-w image using AFNI toolkit (Cox, 1996).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connectivity by the Frontal Aslant Tract (FAT) explains local functional specialization of the superior and inferior frontal gyri in humans while choosing predictive over reactive strategies: a tractography-guided TMS study

Tagliaferri

Giampiccolo

Parmigiani

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Predictive and reactive behaviors represent two mutually exclusive strategies for successfully completing a sensorimotor task. It is thought that predictive actions are based on the medial premotor system, in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and reactive stimulus-response behaviors rely on a lateral premotor system, in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). The frontal aslant tract (FAT), a white matter tract connecting SFG and IFG, is a possible neural substrate of the predictive/reactive interactions. We used diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of 17 male and female healthy human volunteers, to dissect 3 sub-bundles of fibers belonging to the left FAT (bundles 1, 2 and 3), arising ventrally from 1) the ventral precentral gyrus, 2) midway between the PCG and pars opercularis (POp) and 3) the POp and terminating dorsally in 3 different parts of the SFG, in a caudal-rostral order. We applied online transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to 6 spots, corresponding to the medial and lateral terminations of bundles 1-3 during the fixed-duration set period of a delayed reaction task, that can be solved using a predictive (anticipatory) strategy or with a reactive strategy. Results showed that TMS changed the frequency of predictive/reactive strategies only when applied over 2 spots, the SFG and IFG terminations of bundle 2. Importantly, the effects of TMS were opposite when applied to the SFG or to the IFG. Our data show that the SFG and the IFG have opposite roles in producing predictive or reactive behavior and that reciprocal integration or competition is probably mediated by the FAT.Significance StatementAs is well-known by athletes at starting blocks, interaction with the world can occur with a predictive strategy (anticipating a GO-signal) or a reactive strategy (waiting for the GO-signal to be manifest) and they are mutually exclusive. Here we showed, by using non-invasive brain stimulation (TMS), that two specific cortical regions in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) have opposite roles in facilitating a predictive or a reactive strategy. Importantly these two very distant regions but with highly interconnected functions are specifically connected by a small white matter bundle, which probably mediates the competition between predictive and reactive strategies. More generally, we show that the implementing anatomical connectivity in TMS studies strongly reduces spatial noise.

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Automatic Tissue Segmentation with Deep Learning in Patients with Congenital or Acquired Distortion of Brain Anatomy

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

Spontaneous unilateral spatial neglect recovery after brain tumour resection: A multimodal diffusion and rs‐fMRI case report

Spontaneous unilateral spatial neglect recovery after brain tumour resection: A multimodal diffusion and rs‐fMRI case report

Connectivity by the Frontal Aslant Tract (FAT) explains local functional specialization of the superior and inferior frontal gyri in humans while choosing predictive over reactive strategies: a tractography-guided TMS study

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