“…To ensure the safe operation of bridges, bridge monitoring systems have been widely established. At present, the goals of real-time monitoring, synchronous analysis, and data network sharing of monitoring systems have been gradually achieved [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]; however, the accurate diagnosis of bridge status, as the main functional goal of health-monitoring systems [ 6 ], is still difficult due to the complexity of the bridges, the randomness of external loads, and the uncertainty of the service environment. Therefore, most of the existing studies focus on the accumulation of historical data [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], the identification of external load and internal damage [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], and the assessment of overall safety [ 17 ].…”