Automatic Screening of Cytological Smears for Cancer: The Instrumentation

Tolles, Walter E.; Bostrom, R. C.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1956.tb32131.x

Cited by 54 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As with the ThinPrep, red blood cells are lysed by the transport medium. 42 In preclinical trials it did not perform as well as expected and the project was discontinued. The process is shown in Figure 1.1C.…”

Section: Monoprep Pap Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical and Vaginal Cytology

Cibas¹

2009

Cytology

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Section: Monoprep Pap Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical and Vaginal Cytology

Cibas¹

2009

Cytology

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“…The Cytoanalyzer project in the US was the first attempt at building an automated screening device for PAP-smears [10]. The system was based on the concept that cancer cells could be distinguished from normal cells on the basis of nuclear size and optical density.…”

Section: Historical Development Of Automated Screening Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Cervical Cancer Using Automated Analysis of PAP-Smears

Bengtsson

Malm

2014

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

145

114

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Cervical cancer is one of the most deadly and common forms of cancer among women if no action is taken to prevent it, yet it is preventable through a simple screening test, the so-called PAP-smear. This is the most effective cancer prevention measure developed so far. But the visual examination of the smears is time consuming and expensive and there have been numerous attempts at automating the analysis ever since the test was introduced more than 60 years ago. The first commercial systems for automated analysis of the cell samples appeared around the turn of the millennium but they have had limited impact on the screening costs. In this paper we examine the key issues that need to be addressed when an automated analysis system is developed and discuss how these challenges have been met over the years. The lessons learned may be useful in the efforts to create a cost-effective screening system that could make affordable screening for cervical cancer available for all women globally, thus preventing most of the quarter million annual unnecessary deaths still caused by this disease.

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“…The conclusion that there was no ultrastructural difference between benign and malignant cells gave the impetus for cytochemical studies of characteristics of precancerous epithelial cells and malignant cells . Automatic screening of cytological smears, and flow cytometric studies of in vitro and in vivo preparations as well as cytologic smears confirmed that the nuclear abnormalities of cancers are due to increase in the number of abnormal chromosomes . It would be remiss not to point out that many of these advanced technologies were based on the original concepts of Papanicolaou.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A note from history: Landmarks in history of cancer, Part 6

Hajdu

Vadmal

2013

Cancer

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In the 3 decades from 1940 to 1970, the United States became the nucleus for research, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. The discovery of anticancer drugs, and the clinical demonstration that chemotherapy and radiation can cure cancer and have the ability to prevent recurrence of cancer, were incontrovertibly the most remarkable groundbreaking events. Consequently, the trend of less surgery and more multimodality therapy began. The introduction of radioautography, mammography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, Papanicolaou smear, and other novel laboratory tests furthered early detection of cancer and refined accurate diagnosis. The unequivocal linking of lung cancer to cigarette smoking made medical history. The delineation of the potential role of oncogenes adduced new thoughts about oncogenesis and cancer prevention, and pathologists finalized the classification and nosology of tumors. Finally, it is worth noting that although more advances were made in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancers than any other period in history, the overall mortality rate of patients with cancer remained high and unchanged. Cancer 2013;119:4058-82.V C 2013 American Cancer Society.KEYWORDS: history of cancer, history of medical oncology, history of surgical oncology, history of radiation therapy, history of diagnostic radiology, history of surgical pathology, history of cytopathology, history of cancer research, history of immunology, history of cancer epidemiology and cancer institutions.

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Automatic Screening of Cytological Smears for Cancer: The Instrumentation

Cited by 54 publications

References 2 publications

Cervical and Vaginal Cytology

Cervical and Vaginal Cytology

Screening for Cervical Cancer Using Automated Analysis of PAP-Smears

A note from history: Landmarks in history of cancer, Part 6

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