Automatic processing of pain: The change of implicit pain associations after psychotherapy

Grumm, Mandy; Erbe, Katharina; Collani, Gernot von; Nestler, Steffen

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.02.009

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In a similar vein, Gamer, Schmukle, Luka-Krausgrill, and Egloff (2008) found that both implicit anxiety, measured by an IAT, and explicit anxiety, measured by a social phobia inventory, were reduced through cognitive behavioral therapy. Similar results were obtained by Grumm, Erbe, von Collani, and Nestler (2008) who studied effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on explicit pain measures and implicit pain associations in patients suffering from chronic pain (see also Teachman, Cody, & Clerkin, 2010, for a more complete overview over clinical applications of implicit measures). A recent study by Clerkin and Teachman (2010) showed that a conditioning task was able to reduce implicit rejection associations in a group of highly socially anxious participants.…”

Section: Malleability Of Implicit Social Anxietysupporting

confidence: 77%

Cognitive Trainings Reduce Implicit Social Rejection Associations

Schnabel¹,

Asendorpf²

2015

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology

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Single Target Implicit association Test (ST-IaT) was used in three internet studies in order to assess the malleability of automatic rejection associations in socially anxious participants. Study 1 and Study 2 explored whether automatic rejection associations could be reduced by an evaluative conditioning task that combined social situations with acceptance. results showed that the conditioning task reduced rejection associations in the group that completed the ST-IaT shortly after the conditioning task. In contrast, rejection associations were not significantly different from a control group when the ST-IaT was assessed with a one week interval after the conditioning task. explicit social rejection measures were not, or only marginally, affected by the conditioning task. Study 3 used an attentional training task that fosters sensitivity to positive social feedback (dandeneau, baldwin, baccus, Sakellaropoulo, & Pruessner, 2007). after one week of daily training, implicit but not explicit social rejection associations were reduced by the attentional training task even if they were assessed after an additional one-week interval without any training. The results show that cognitive trainings can affect implicit social rejection associations and that the effects are visible even after a period without training.

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Section: Malleability Of Implicit Social Anxietysupporting

confidence: 77%

Cognitive Trainings Reduce Implicit Social Rejection Associations

Schnabel¹,

Asendorpf²

2015

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology

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“…Several IAT studies have found changes in explicit scales and IATs following clinical treatment (e.g. Grumm, Erbe, von Collani, & Nestler, 2008;Teachman and Woody, 2003). However, these studies used healthy people as controls.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cognitive‐behavioural rehabilitation of high‐risk violent offenders: Investigating treatment change with explicit and implicit measures of cognition

Polaschek

Bell

Calvert³

et al. 2010

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Important as it is both to risk of re-offending and to cognitive behavioural treatment, violent cognition is seldom measured in rehabilitation programmes, and even more rarely linked to measures of violence risk. Most often, researchers measure violent cognition by having offenders complete transparent self-report questionnaires. This approach may be flawed both by socially desirable responding and by theoretical speculation that stronger links exist between automatic rather than explicit, consciously deliberated cognition and violent behaviour. We measured violent cognition in several ways; collecting data with two self-report scales, along with two Implicit Association Tests (IATs) from men commencing and completing an intensive cognitive-behavioural rehabilitation programme for high-risk violent prisoners. We addressed the questions of whether these two forms of assessment-explicit and implicit-are related, and which is most strongly linked to estimates of violence, based on the Violence Risk Scale. Explicit and implicit tests were not related to each other, although both self-report scales, and one of the IATs elicited significantly more pro-social responses following treatment. Further, the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) scores were significantly correlated with dynamic risk both pre-and post-programme, while post-programme, scores on one of the two IATs was significantly correlated with dynamic and static risk, as measured pre-and postprogramme. These findings suggest that implicit and explicit measures may be assessing different aspects of cognition, and only some are related to violence risk.

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“…Recent studies have already demonstrated a relationship between disorder-specific automatic self-associations and various types of psychopathological symptoms, such as symptoms of obsessive compulsive personality disorder (Weertman et al 2008), chronic pain (Grumm et al 2008), anxiety (Egloff and Schmukle 2002; Gamer et al 2008; Glashouwer and de Jong, in press) and depression (Glashouwer and de Jong, in press). Most important for the present context, these automatic self-associations showed differential predictive validity for more spontaneous, uncontrollable kinds of behaviors such as autonomic responding and nonverbal behaviors (e.g., Asendorpf et al 2002; Egloff and Schmukle 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Do Automatic Self-Associations Relate to Suicidal Ideation?

Glashouwer

Jong

Penninx

et al. 2009

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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Dysfunctional self-schemas are assumed to play an important role in suicidal ideation. According to recent information-processing models, it is important to differentiate between ‘explicit’ beliefs and automatic associations. Explicit beliefs stem from the weighting of propositions and their corresponding ‘truth’ values, while automatic associations reflect more simple associations in memory. Both types of associations are assumed to have different functional properties and both may be involved in suicidal ideation. Thus far, studies into self-schemas and suicidal ideation focused on the more explicit, consciously accessible traces of self-schemas and predominantly relied on self-report questionnaires or interviews. To complement these ‘explicit’ findings and more directly tap into self-schemas, this study investigated automatic self-associations in a large scale community sample that was part of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). The results showed that automatic self-associations of depression and anxiety were indeed significantly related to suicidal ideation and past suicide attempt. Moreover, the interactions between automatic self-depressive (anxious) associations and explicit self-depressive (anxious) beliefs explained additional variance over and above explicit self-beliefs. Together these results provide an initial insight into one explanation of why suicidal patients might report difficulties in preventing and managing suicidal thoughts.

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Automatic processing of pain: The change of implicit pain associations after psychotherapy

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Cognitive Trainings Reduce Implicit Social Rejection Associations

Cognitive Trainings Reduce Implicit Social Rejection Associations

Cognitive‐behavioural rehabilitation of high‐risk violent offenders: Investigating treatment change with explicit and implicit measures of cognition

Do Automatic Self-Associations Relate to Suicidal Ideation?

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