Automatic motion control of powered wheel chair by the movements of eye blink

Abstract

Independent mobility (freedom to explore the environment without any accompaniment) reduces the dependence on caregivers. Disable people always find themselves challenging to go out independently because of their physical deficiency or inability to move in a normal fashion. A wheelchair is a mechanical device which improves the lifestyle and increase the mobility of disable people, allowing them to explore their surroundings. In this paper, we propose a new technique to control the powered/motorized wheelchair using Infrared Radiation (IR). An attempt has been provided to transmit low intensity infrared rays on eyes. The analog voltage level varies in infrared receiver based on eye lid movement. These techniques grant the user to navigate automatically to desired goal point with the possibility of avoiding collisions and holes in all directions, so that the user can robustly interact with the wheelchair. Main aim of this project is to reduce the human efforts in driving a wheelchair. The user with any extent of disability can operate the wheelchair to attain self-independence at least in daily life activities. The objective of this paper is to provide our services to the disable society by increasing their range of mobility.

Control Systems and Electronic Instrumentation Applied to Autonomy in Wheelchair Mobility: The State of the Art

“…Spectrum addition to process sEMG signals and a peak detector. [73] Controllers Which Implement EOG A control technique is proposed by Challagundla et al [66] using low intensity infrared (IR) radiation to the eyes and the voltage generated by the sensors depends on the movement of the eyelid. The opening or closing of the eye determines the forward or backward movements of the wheelchair, while lateral movements translate the direction in which the wheelchair should go.…”

Eyeball Controlled Wheelchair

“…The primary target of this wheelchair is to reduce human effort to operate the wheelchair. [5] This helps disable individual who find themselves challenging to go out without the help of any other wheelchair is introduced for their solution, A new technology is introduced to control the wheelchairs using infrared. An infrared depends on the eyelid movement.…”

Communication Technologies Based on Voluntary Blinks: Assessment and Design

“…The simplest one is based on one emitter diode and one receiver phototransistor that can be placed at different positions: a) both emitter/receiver facing the eye, in the same container, measuring changes in the reflected IR beam when the eye is covered by the eyelid [57], [58], [73]; b) both emitter/receiver aside the eye, in the same container, and based on measuring the IR reflected by the cornea/eyelid [9], [14], [64]; c) photodiode and phototransitor on both sides of the eye, facing one another, so that the IR beam runs along the cornea towards the receptor if the eye is open, and interrupted or blocked when it is closed [20]. More complex designs include multiple photo-diodes, -transistors arranged around the eye to improve eye-gesture detection [55] or increase the number of user actions [10]. The IR elements can be powered by a Direct Current (DC) supply voltage or by a pulsed supply voltage that turns them on/off periodically.…”

“…Other applications uses this technology to guide powered wheelchairs [10], gauge driver drowsiness [58], promote symmetrical blinking in people with facial paralysis [20] or alleviate dry eyes in computer vision syndrome [14]. It is also used as an effective method for minimizing the number of wires when investigating conditioned blink reflex in animals [94], etc.…”