Automatic macroscopic characterization of diesel sprays by means of a new image processing algorithm

Rubio-Gómez, Guillermo; Martínez-Martínez, Simón; Rua-Mojica, Luis F.; Gómez-Gordo, Pablo; Garza, Oscar A. de la

doi:10.1088/1361-6501/aab121

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…6–8 These regulations, together with concern about security and energy diversification, have encouraged the use of biofuels, both pure and blended with fossil fuels, in the ICE. 9–11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of the effect of compression ratio on the efficiency and flame development angle in a Cooperative Fuel Research engine fueled with binary gasoline–alcohol blends

Rubio-Gómez

Corral-Gómez

Rodríguez-Rosa

et al. 2019

International Journal of Engine Research

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In the last few years, increasing concern about the harmful effects of the use of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines has been observed. In addition, the limited availability of crude oil has driven the interest in alternative fuels, especially biofuels. In the context of spark ignition engines, bioalcohols are of great interest owing to their similarities and blend capacities with gasoline. Methanol and ethanol have been widely used, mainly due to their knocking resistance. Another alcohol of great interest is butanol, thanks to its potential of being produced as biofuel and its heat value closer to gasoline. In this study, a comparative study of gasoline–alcohol blend combustion, with up to 20% volume, with neat gasoline has been carried out. A single-cylinder, variable compression ratio, Cooperative Fuel Research-type spark ignition engine has been employed. The comparison is made in terms of fuel conversion efficiency and flame development angle. Relevant information related to the impact in the combustion process of the use of the three main alcohols used in blends with gasoline has been obtained.

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“…6–8 These regulations, together with concern about security and energy diversification, have encouraged the use of biofuels, both pure and blended with fossil fuels, in the ICE. 9–11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of the effect of compression ratio on the efficiency and flame development angle in a Cooperative Fuel Research engine fueled with binary gasoline–alcohol blends

Rubio-Gómez

Corral-Gómez

Rodríguez-Rosa

et al. 2019

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…The shutter opening time is 40

s, which allows to achieve non-blurry 896 px × 512 px images. The approximated scale between world and image units is about 10.5 px/mm, although this correlation requires to undistort the image after the camera calibration (e.g., [ 31 , 32 ]). The control system sends a trigger signal to the high-speed camera to start the image acquisition in a synchronous mode to the injector activation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic Parameters of Fuel Sprays Injected in an Optical Reciprocating Single-Cylinder Engine: An Approximation by Means of Visualization with Schlieren Technique

Corral-Gómez

Castillo-García

Soriano

et al. 2023

Sensors

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This paper proposes a sensor system for an internal combustion engine based on a new vision-based algorithm supported by the Schlieren sensorization technique, which allows to acquire the macroscopic parameters of the fuel spray injected in a reciprocating internal combustion engine under unmanned aerial vehicle-like conditions. The sensor system proposed here is able to automatically determine the spray cone angle, its area and its penetration. In addition, the external surface and the volume of the fuel spray is estimated together with the injector opening delay and the ignition delay. The developed algorithm was experimentally tested using a conventional diesel fuel in a single-cylinder engine with an optically adapted head but with easy application and other configurations of reciprocating internal combustion engines. These spray macroscopic parameters allow to analyze, among others, the effect of the spray on the development of both the injection and combustion processes under different operating conditions. The estimation of the external surface of the spray makes it possible to determine the amount of fuel in the spray that is in contact with the surrounding air, with the possibility to link this parameter to the combustion efficiency and emission reduction. Consequently, obtaining the injector opening delay and the ignition delay are important parameters in the combustion phenomenon. In addition, the ignition delay has a great influence on both the engine design and its performance in the study of the air–fuel blending process, in the efficient combustion process and in the reduction of emissions.

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“…Dynamic thresholds calculate t i based on a selected characteristic of the image, such as peak pixel intensity [38]. Locally-adaptive thresholds calculate threshold values for different locations in the image, such as for the head or tail of a fuel jet where illumination conditions may be different [39]. Statistical thresholding methods select t i based on models of the image histogram.…”

Section: Segmentation Of Combustion Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust image segmentation for feature extraction from internal combustion engine in-cylinder images

Rochussen¹,

Kirchen²

2020

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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In-cylinder imaging diagnostics for internal combustion engines provide rich information on the structure and evolution of reaction zone features, which affect both engine out emissions and efficiency. However, the most common analysis of in-cylinder combustion luminosity imaging considers ensemble averaged images, which are not suitable for characterizing processes that vary significantly between cycles, such as ignition and soot formation and oxidation. Here, a robust image segmentation algorithm is presented for feature extraction from single-cycle in-cylinder combustion images and is used with a ‘combination of interpretations’ (COI) approach to analyze OH*-chemiluminescence imaging of premixed and non-premixed natural gas combustion modes in an optically-accessible reciprocating engine. Dynamic thresholding and region size filtering are combined with watershed segmentation to create a parameterized adaptive watershed (PAW) segmentation algorithm. The fusion of these segmentation methods is novel to combustion imaging and is demonstrated to provide quantified improvement relative to the current state of the art segmentation methods; PAW segmentation provides increased sensitivity for early ignition processes, and more robustly identifies the reaction zones at later stages of combustion. The PAW algorithm requires no adjustment between the two considered combustion modes or for any stage of the combustion process. The reliability of the PAW output enables feature extraction of individual reaction zone location and area from the combustion images using a polar-sector coordinate system for COI analysis. This approach characterizes the cyclic variability of individual fuel jets, identifies coupling of auto-ignition behavior between adjacent reaction zones, and demonstrates systematic errors arising from measurement of auto-ignition in ensemble averaged images. Application of PAW segmentation and the analysis approach presented here can provide more complete characterization of other spatially-resolved internal combustion diagnostics, particularly where there is high process variability, overlapping image regions, or wide signal intensity ranges.

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Automatic macroscopic characterization of diesel sprays by means of a new image processing algorithm

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

A comparative study of the effect of compression ratio on the efficiency and flame development angle in a Cooperative Fuel Research engine fueled with binary gasoline–alcohol blends

A comparative study of the effect of compression ratio on the efficiency and flame development angle in a Cooperative Fuel Research engine fueled with binary gasoline–alcohol blends

Macroscopic Parameters of Fuel Sprays Injected in an Optical Reciprocating Single-Cylinder Engine: An Approximation by Means of Visualization with Schlieren Technique

Robust image segmentation for feature extraction from internal combustion engine in-cylinder images

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