Automatic High-Dynamic and High-Resolution Photon Counting Otdr for Optical Fiber Network Monitoring

Calliari, Felipe

doi:10.17771/pucrio.acad.31668

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that the solution found in [9] to achieve cm-resolution fault detection at long-distances would also benefit from the high-rate acquisition system. There, a coarse and long-reach PC-OTDR system first acquires information about the fiber profile, which is followed by a signal processing routine that identifies possible candidates that are, then, individually interrogated by a fine PC-OTDR system.…”

Section: B Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since this number will change if the fiber length increases and can also be leveraged against an increased contribution of the afterpulse effect (as shown in Figure 9), this number is hardly determined. For the measurement conditions showcased in Figure 7, however, 20 detection windows (within the fiber span) are available, which translates into a 20-fold factor in acquisition time in comparison with state-of-the-art solutions where only a single detection window is opened per optical pulse sent into the fiber [9], [25]. For the results of Figure 8, because the length of the fiber changes, the timing gain for the full-fiber measurement would vary between 10 and 20 using the current (limiting) devices and a reduced efficiency of the SPD.…”

Section: B Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Employing the same mechanism in systems with centimeter-range resolutions, which can benefit both optical fiber monitoring and sensor applications, has been elusive. In [9], for instance, a system making use of two different PC-OTDR variants was demonstrated in order to achieve centimeter-range resolution in km-range fibers without the drawback of low data acquisition rate imposed by the highresolution acquisition procedure. There, extra signal processing steps had to be taken into account, which reduced the total monitoring speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast Acquisition Tunable High-Resolution Photon-Counting OTDR

Calliari

Correia

Temporão

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

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A 15 dB dynamic range and 4.6 cm spatial resolution tunable photon-counting optical time-domain reflectometer (PC-OTDR) is presented along with a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based detection management system that allows several regions of the fiber to be interrogated by the same optical pulse, increasing the data acquisition rate when compared to previous solutions. The optical pulse generation is implemented by a tunable figure-8 passive mode-locked laser providing pulses with the desired bandwidth and center wavelength for WDM applications in the C-band. The acquisition rate is limited by the afterpulse effect and dead time of the employed gated avalanche single-photon detectors. The devised acquisition system not only allows for centimeter-resolution monitoring of fiber links as long as 12 km in under 20 minutes but is also readily adapted to any other photon-counting strategy for increased acquisition rate. The system provides a 20-fold decrease in acquisition times when compared with state-of-the-art solutions, allowing affordable times in centimeter-resolution long-distance fiber measurements. Index Terms-Optical fiber monitoring; optical time domain reflectometry; single-photon detection.

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Section: B Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fast Acquisition Tunable High-Resolution Photon-Counting OTDR

Calliari

Correia

Temporão

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

Self Cite

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“…Even though such regularization allows the problem to be solved in a computationally efficient manner (usually associated to a complexity which is proportional to a polynomial function of the number of inputs), the fact that a computer can solve the problem does not necessarily mean that the result is achieved quickly, practically speaking. In certain contexts, achieving elapsed algorithm times in the order of seconds as opposed to minutes may yield a substantial impact on the application [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FPGA-embedded Linearized Bregman Iteration algorithm for trend break detection

Calliari

Amaral

Lunglmayr

2020

J Wireless Com Network

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Detection of level shifts in a noisy signal, or trend break detection, is a problem that appears in several research fields, from biophysics to optics and economics. Although many algorithms have been developed to deal with such a problem, accurate and low-complexity trend break detection is still an active topic of research. The Linearized Bregman Iterations have been recently presented as a low-complexity and computationally efficient algorithm to tackle this problem, with a formidable structure that could benefit immensely from hardware implementation. In this work, a hardware architecture of the Linearized Bregman Iteration algorithm is presented and tested on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The hardware is synthesized in different-sized FPGAs, and the percentage of used hardware, as well as the maximum frequency enabled by the design, indicate that an approximately 100 gain factor in processing time, concerning the software implementation, can be achieved. This represents a tremendous advantage in using a dedicated unit for trend break detection applications. The proposed architecture is compared with a state-of-the-art hardware structure for sparse estimation, and the results indicate that its performance concerning trend break detection is much more pronounced while, at the same time, being the indicated solution for long datasets.

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“…High quality OTDR provides good spatial accuracy (less than 20 meters) and a long range (greater than 200 kilometers). (Calliari, Herrera, von der Weid, & Amaral, 2018). OTDR involves measuring part of a scattered probe pulse (by Rayleigh scattering) of silica fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Fault Detection Techniques for Optical Fibers

2019

ZJPAS

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This paper represents a review of several published papers, white papers and posted articles with a view to explain background of fault detection techniques for optical fibers. Optical fibers usually carry enormous data capacity. Therefore, fault detection and localizing it plays a major role in providing a stable and reliable network. So, it is very important to identify faults at first, the most fault that face optical fibers is fiber cut, which is phenomenon of interrupting active fiber optic that carry traffic due to working on the path that optical fiber cable implemented. There is another fault that fiber optic may experience as a result of high attenuation. Low attenuation is a major feature of fiber optics that encourages their use instead of metal cables. For this reason, any increase in their value causes a significant disruption of fiber optics and leads to interruption of services. Dispersion also leads to distortion of the information signal when fiber optic transmission is carried out. After passing through the fiber, the light impulses spread, and this phenomenon is called "pulse dispersion". The dispersion level determines the system's capacity because the largest number of pulses that can be received and resolved at the receiver are sent. The OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) is the most common technique used to detect faults in fiber optics, but it is not the only one. In this paper, several techniques for detecting faults of optical fibers were studied.

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Automatic High-Dynamic and High-Resolution Photon Counting Otdr for Optical Fiber Network Monitoring

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Fast Acquisition Tunable High-Resolution Photon-Counting OTDR

Fast Acquisition Tunable High-Resolution Photon-Counting OTDR

FPGA-embedded Linearized Bregman Iteration algorithm for trend break detection

Study of Fault Detection Techniques for Optical Fibers

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