Automatic generation control of multi-area hydro system using classical controllers

Saikia, Lalit Chandra; Bharali, A.; Dixit, O.; Malakar, Tanmoy; Sharma, Bhanu; Kouli, S.

doi:10.1109/icpen.2012.6492329

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Different optimization methods are used in [171][172][173][174] for tuning the PID controllers' parameters of LFC. Authors in [183] presented the performances of different classical control approaches, e.g., proportional-integral (PI), integral plus double derivative (IDD), integral (I), and proportional-integral-derivative (PID), which are compared with recently introduced Proportional-Integral plus Double Derivative (PIDD) controllers for AGC [34].…”

Section: Classical Control Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An overview of LFC and AGC systems in two-area power systems is presented in [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. Tie-lines models and their effects on LFC of two-area power systems are studied in [22,23].…”

Section: Dual-area Power Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A frequency model of reheat thermal turbine with governor dead-band zone in two area power systems is marked out in [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. In [34][35][36], GRC non-linearity is considered for reheat thermal turbine-governor system in two-area power systems. LFC scheme for hydro-hydro interconnected power systems considering the hydro power plants non-linearities is proposed in [38,44,45].…”

Section: Dual-area Power Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2018

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Power systems are the most complex systems that have been created by men in history. To operate such systems in a stable mode, several control loops are needed. Voltage frequency plays a vital role in power systems which need to be properly controlled. To this end, primary and secondary frequency control loops are used to control the frequency of the voltage in power systems. Secondary frequency control, which is called Load Frequency Control (LFC), is responsible for maintaining the frequency in a desirable level after a disturbance. Likewise, the power exchanges between different control areas are controlled by LFC approaches. In recent decades, many control approaches have been suggested for LFC in power systems. This paper presents a comprehensive literature survey on the topic of LFC. In this survey, the used LFC models for diverse configurations of power systems are firstly investigated and classified for both conventional and future smart power systems. Furthermore, the proposed control strategies for LFC are studied and categorized into different control groups. The paper concludes with highlighting the research gaps and presenting some new research directions in the field of LFC.Energies 2018, 11, 2497 2 of 35 before triggering the under/over frequency protection relays. The primary frequency control is usually implemented by the governor droop which results in steady stated errors. The secondary frequency control, which is called load frequency control (LFC) or automatic generation control (AGC), is responsible for regulating the frequency in power systems and has two main goals: (i) maintaining the frequency into a desirable range; and (ii) controlling the interchange power through major tie-lines between the different control areas. The main task of tertiary control level is re-dispatching generating units and ancillary reserve after a sever disturbance.With increasing the penetration level of renewable resources such as wind farms and photovoltaic plants in power systems, the uncertainties of active power production is highly increased, thus determining frequency variations. Such increase in active power fluctuation, beside the demand stochasticity, the frequency of power system would be highly oscillated. Therefore, future power systems need more robust and optimal LFC approaches that can handle such problems.Many control approaches have been suggested for LFC in interconnected power systems. These approaches can be categorized into four groups: (i) classical control approaches focus on designing proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers for controlling the frequency and tie-lines power flows; (ii) modern control approaches including optimal control method, sliding mode control schemes, and adaptive control systems; (iii) intelligent control schemes, such as fuzzy control systems; and (iv) soft computing-based approaches for controllers' parameter tuning which had a considerable attention from researchers in the last decade. Survey MethodologySeveral methodologies can be followed for conduc...

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Section: Classical Control Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dual-area Power Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dual-area Power Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2018

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“…Evaluate the fitness of the population using fitness i = 1 1 + j 2 3. Using Equation (20), generate new NPs for the employed bees and evaluate the fitness 4. Apply the roulette wheel selection process to choose an NP 5.…”

Section: Artificial Bee Colony Optimization Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High voltage AC (HVAC) tie lines are used for interconnection in traditional power systems; the effects of HVAC tie line models were investigated in [14,15]. Studies for a two-area power system considering conventional multi-source plants were presented in [16][17][18][19][20] and higher-order interconnected areas were studied in [21][22][23][24][25][26]. The application of HVAC lines for long-distance transmission is associated with several drawbacks such as effect of capacitance for underground transmission [27], line inductance [28], Ferranti effect [29], asynchronous interconnection [30], and reduce active power transmission-to-length ratio [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heuristic Optimization of Virtual Inertia Control in Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion Systems for Frequency Support in a Restructured Environment

et al. 2020

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In the work reported in this paper, a novel application of the artificial bee colony algorithm is used to implement a virtual inertia control strategy for grid-connected wind energy conversion systems. The proposed control strategy introduces a new heuristic optimization technique that uses the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to calculate the optimal gain value of an additional derivative control loop added to the control scheme of the machine side converter in a wind energy system to enable wind farms to participate in frequency control as specified by recent grid codes. This helps to minimize the frequency deviations, reduce active power deviation in the system, and increase the penetration level of wind energy in power systems. The study was performed in a restructured power system environment. The proposed control scheme and its robustness were evaluated using load–frequency analysis for three real-life transaction scenarios that can occur in an interconnected open-energy market and the validation was carried out using eigenvalue analysis. The results in this study show that the optimal gain of the proposed controller reduces the frequency deviations and improves stability and overall performance of the system.

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Introduction and Literature Review

Magdy

Shabib

Elbaset

et al. 2019

Renewable Power Systems Dynamic Security

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Automatic generation control of multi-area hydro system using classical controllers

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Heuristic Optimization of Virtual Inertia Control in Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion Systems for Frequency Support in a Restructured Environment

Introduction and Literature Review

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