Automatic Frequency and Phase Control of Synchronization in Television Receivers

Wendt, K.R.; Fredendall, G.L.

doi:10.1109/jrproc.1943.232382

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The phase-locked loop (PLL) systems were invented in the 1930s-1940s [Bellescize, 1932;Wendt & Fredentall, 1943] and were widely used in radio and television (demodulation and recovery, synchronization and frequency synthesis). Nowadays, PLL can be produced in the form of single integrated circuit and the various modifications of PLL are used in a variety of modern electronic applications (radio, telecommunications, computers, and others).…”

Section: Phase-locked-loop Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden Attractors in Dynamical Systems. From Hidden Oscillations in Hilbert–kolmogorov, Aizerman, and Kalman Problems to Hidden Chaotic Attractor in Chua Circuits

Леонов

Kuznetsov

2013

Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos

761

414

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From a computational point of view, in nonlinear dynamical systems, attractors can be regarded as self-excited and hidden attractors. Self-excited attractors can be localized numerically by a standard computational procedure, in which after a transient process a trajectory, starting from a point of unstable manifold in a neighborhood of equilibrium, reaches a state of oscillation, therefore one can easily identify it. In contrast, for a hidden attractor, a basin of attraction does not intersect with small neighborhoods of equilibria. While classical attractors are self-excited, attractors can therefore be obtained numerically by the standard computational procedure. For localization of hidden attractors it is necessary to develop special procedures, since there are no similar transient processes leading to such attractors.At first, the problem of investigating hidden oscillations arose in the second part of Hilbert's 16th problem (1900). The first nontrivial results were obtained in Bautin's works, which were devoted to constructing nested limit cycles in quadratic systems, that showed the necessity of studying hidden oscillations for solving this problem. Later, the problem of analyzing hidden oscillations arose from engineering problems in automatic control. In the 50-60s of the last century, the investigations of widely known Markus-Yamabe's, Aizerman's, and Kalman's conjectures on absolute stability have led to the finding of hidden oscillations in automatic control systems with a unique stable stationary point. In 1961, Gubar revealed a gap in Kapranov's work on phase locked-loops (PLL) and showed the possibility of the existence of hidden oscillations in PLL. At the end of the last century, the difficulties in analyzing hidden oscillations arose in simulations of drilling systems and aircraft's control systems (anti-windup) which caused crashes.Further investigations on hidden oscillations were greatly encouraged by the present authors' discovery, in 2010 (for the first time), of chaotic hidden attractor in Chua's circuit.This survey is dedicated to efficient analytical-numerical methods for the study of hidden oscillations. Here, an attempt is made to reflect the current trends in the synthesis of analytical and numerical methods. †

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Section: Phase-locked-loop Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden Attractors in Dynamical Systems. From Hidden Oscillations in Hilbert–kolmogorov, Aizerman, and Kalman Problems to Hidden Chaotic Attractor in Chua Circuits

Леонов

Kuznetsov

2013

Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos

761

414

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“…When television systems were conceived, vertical and horizontal signals must have been synchronized by a periodic pulse, a function implemented by using the PLL architecture [2]. For the development of color television, PLL was essential for synchronizing color beams [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Master-Slave Topologies with Phase-Locked Loops

Piqueira

2020

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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Since phase-locked loops (PLLs) were conceived by Bellescize in 1932, their presence has become almost mandatory in any telecommunication device or network, being the essential element to recover frequency and phase information. As the technology developed, PLL appeared in several applications, such as, dense communication networks, smart grids, electronic instrumentation, computational clusters, and integrated circuits. In all of these practical cases, isolated or networked PLLs are responsible for recovering the correct time basis and synchronizing the processes. According to the application needs, different clock distribution strategies were developed, with the master-slave being the simplest and most used choice. Considering that the master clock is obtained from a stable periodic oscillator, two topologies are studied: one-way, not considering clock feedback; and two-way master-slave, with the slave nodes providing clock feedback to the master. Here, these two cases are studied by using simulation strategies, presenting results about the clock signal recovery process in the presence of disturbances, indicating that master-slave clock distribution networks can be useful for networks with few nodes and a stable master oscillator with the one-way topology presenting better results than the two-way arrangement.

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“…The Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) circuits were invented at the beginning of twentieth century (Bellescize, 1932;Wendt and Fredentall, 1943) and widely used in the radio and television (the demodulation and carrier recovery, the synchronization, and synthesis of frequencies). At present it can be found various types of PLL circuits (analog, analog-digital, digital, software), designed for the operation with different types of signals (sinusoidal, impulse and so on).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%