Automatic Conversational Scene Analysis in Children with Asperger Syndrome/High-Functioning Autism and Typically Developing Peers

Tavano, Alessandro; Pesarin, Anna; Murino, Vittorio; Cristani, Marco

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085819

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Following the preliminary screening of the titles and the eligibility criteria, 602 records were excluded; a further 94 records were excluded after screening the abstracts and/or full-texts based on the relevance of data to the current study ( Figure 1). Three studies were excluded after the data extraction: Feldstein et al (1982) owing to the lack of a control group; Massaro & Bosseler (2002) for not reporting the autism assessment method; and Tavano et al (2014) for not reporting the results of the paradigm relevant to the review.…”

Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Synchrony in Autism: A Systematic Review

Baldwin¹,

Xiao²,

Murray³

2020

Preprint

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A large number of studies have reported that autistic individuals show differences in their performance on temporal asynchrony tasks as compared to neurotypical individuals. Specifically, autistic individuals appear to show a reduced tendency towards synchrony. However, the evidence has hitherto not been reviewed in a systematic way, making it difficult to be sure of the magnitude and generalisability of the difference across different tasks and contexts. The present review aimed to systematically collect and synthesise the data on various types of temporal synchrony in autism across all ages in order to address this gap. A systematic search of the EBSCO, OVID, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted, and the search strategies involved keywords and synonyms for “autism”, “temporal” and “synchrony”. Thirty-two studies were identified that met our inclusion criteria: 13 in the domain of audio-visual; three in audio-motor; three in visuo-tactile; three in visuo-motor; three in social motor; and five in conversational synchrony. An additional two studies focused on adapting an intervention method to improve interpersonal temporal synchrony in autistic individuals. The findings suggest that autistic participants showed reduced synchrony tendencies in every category of temporal synchrony that was reviewed. The findings are discussed in relation to existing knowledge of temporal processing and integration differences in autism. Limitations, future directions and potential clinical implications are also discussed.

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Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Synchrony in Autism: A Systematic Review

Baldwin¹,

Xiao²,

Murray³

2020

Preprint

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“…Temporal regularities in speech may be relevant for language production and comprehension [3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]): for example, entrainment to syllabic rhythm may contribute to word perception [3,6,14]. However, the core of language processing lies in the tacit, internal knowledge of syntactic rules, which combine words into meaningful utterances [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural harmonics of syntactic structure

Tavano

2020

Preprint

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25 Can neural activity reveal syntactic structure building processes and their violations?26 To verify this, we recorded electroencephalographic and behavioral data as 27 participants discriminated concatenated isochronous sentence chains containing 28 only grammatical sentences (regular trials) from those containing ungrammatical 29 sentences (irregular trials). We found that the repetition of abstract syntactic 30 categories generates a harmonic structure of their period independently of stimulus 31 rate, thereby separating endogenous from exogenous neural rhythms. Behavioral 32 analyses confirmed this dissociation. Internal neural harmonics extracted from 33 regular trials predicted participants' grammatical sensitivity better than harmonics 34 extracted from irregular trials, suggesting a direct reflection of grammatical 35 sensitivity. Instead, entraining to external stimulus rate scaled with task sensitivity 36 only when extracted from irregular trials, reflecting attention-capture processing.37 Neural harmonics to repeated syntactic categories constitute the first behaviorally 38 relevant, purely internal index of syntactic competence. 39 40 42 43 Introduction 44 Speech and language are related but distinct dimensions of verbal communication 45 [1 -4]. While temporal regularities guide speech chunking in ways that are relevant 46 for language production and comprehension [3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]), the core of language 47 processing lies in the internal and tacit knowledge of syntactic rules, whose function 48 is to determine how words combine into meaningful utterances [14]. Isolating a direct 3 49 neural correlate of such linguistic competence has proven an extremely difficult task.50 A growing body of literature has linked brain rhythms to various aspects of language 51 comprehension. Recently, Ding and colleagues [15] tried to capture a neural 52 signature of structure building in the frequency domain by having native speakers of 53 English and Mandarin Chinese listen to continuous spoken sentences, concatenated 54 as continuous trains of monosyllabic words presented at a fixed rate of 4 Hz. They 55 tested sentences composed of two-word noun phrases (NP = a phrase headed by a 56 noun, such as "My shoe") followed by two-word verb phrases (VP = "is wet", see 57 Figure 1a). The lexical input therefore appeared at a rate of 4 Hz, phrasal units at 258 Hz, and sentences at 1 Hz. This design was selected to allow for 'frequency tagging' 59 of sentence building processes, such that the neural data could be decomposed into 60 linguistically relevant rhythmic response components. Remarkably, a Fast Fourier 61 Transform (FFT) analysis highlighted significant peaks of spectral energy emerging 62 not only at 4 Hz (word rate), but also at 2 Hz and 1 Hz. The authors deemed the 63 neural responses as a direct window into the linguistic hierarchy: 2 Hz rhythms (2-64 word units) tracked the phrases, and 1 Hz rhythms (4-word units) tracked the 65 sentences. Such linguistic rhythms emerged only if participants l...

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Temporal Synchrony in Autism: a Systematic Review

Baldwin

Xiao

Murray

2021

Rev J Autism Dev Disord

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Temporal synchrony is the alignment of processes in time within or across individuals in social interaction and is observed and studied in various domains using wide-ranging paradigms. Evidence suggesting reduced temporal synchrony in autism (e.g. compared to neurotypicals) has hitherto not been reviewed. To systematically review the magnitude and generalisability of the difference across different tasks and contexts, EBSCO, OVID, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched. Thirty-two studies were identified that met our inclusion criteria in audio-visual, audio-motor, visuo-tactile, visuo-motor, social motor, and conversational synchrony domains. Additionally, two intervention studies were included. The findings suggest that autistic participants showed reduced synchrony tendencies in every category of temporal synchrony reviewed. Implications, methodological weaknesses, and evidence gaps are discussed.

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Automatic Conversational Scene Analysis in Children with Asperger Syndrome/High-Functioning Autism and Typically Developing Peers

Cited by 3 publications

References 43 publications

Temporal Synchrony in Autism: A Systematic Review

Temporal Synchrony in Autism: A Systematic Review

Neural harmonics of syntactic structure

Temporal Synchrony in Autism: a Systematic Review

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